42. Sun Z, Lv B, Li J, Xiao M, Wang X, Du P (2016) Core-shell amorphous cobalt phosphide/
cadmium sulfide semiconductor nanorods for exceptional photocatalytic hydrogen production
under visible light. J Mater Chem A 4(5):1598–1602
43. Fullenwarth J, Darwiche A, Soares A, Donnadieu B, Monconduit L (2014) NiP 3 : a promising
negative electrode for Li-and Na-ion batteries. J Mater Chem A 2(7):2050–2059
44. Li Q, Li Z, Zhang Z, Li C, Ma J, Wang C, Ge X, Dong S, Yin L (2016) Low-temperature
solution-based phosphorization reaction route to Sn 4 P 3 /reduced graphene oxide nanohybrids as
anodes for sodium ion batteries. Advanced Energy Mater 6(15):1600376
45. Sun Z, Zheng H, Li J, Du P (2015) Extra-ordinarily efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
in water using semiconductor nanorods integrated with crystalline Ni 2 P cocatalysts. Energy
Environ Sci 8(9):2668–2676
46. Lou P, Cui Z, Jia Z, Sun J, Tan Y, Guo X (2017) Monodispersed carbon-coated cubic NiP 2
canoparticles anchored on carbon canotubes as ultra-long-life anodes for reversible lithium
storage. ACS Nano 11(4):3705–3715
47. Wu T, Chen S, Zhang D, Hou J (2015) Facile preparation of semimetallic MoP 2 as a novel
visible light driven photocatalyst with high photocatalytic activity. J Mater Chem A 3
(19):10360–10367
48. Pu Z, Liu Q, Asiri AM, Sun X (2014) Tungsten phosphide nanorod arrays directly grown on
carbon cloth: a highly efficient and stable hydrogen evolution cathode at all pH values. ACS
Appl Mater Inter 6(24):21874–21879
49. He P, Yu X, Lou X (2017) Carbon-incorporated nickel-cobalt mixed metal phosphide
nanoboxes with enhanced electrocatalytic activity for oxygen evolution. Angew Chem 129
(14):3955–3958
50. Cao S, Chen Y, Wang C, He P, Fu W (2014) Highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
by nickel phosphide nanoparticles from aqueous solution. Chem Commun 50
(72):10427–10429
51. Feng L, Li K, Chang J, Liu C, Xing W (2015) Nanostructured PtRu/C catalyst promoted by CoP
as an efficient and robust anode catalyst in direct methanol fuel cells. Nano Energy 15:462–469
52. Tong Y, Gu C, Zhang J, Huang M, Tang H, Wang X, Tu J (2015) Three-dimensional astrocytenetwork Ni-P-O compound with superior electrocatalytic activity and stability for methanol
oxidation in alkaline environments. J Mater Chem A 3(8):4669–4678
53. Guo S, Deng Z, Li M, Jiang B, Tian C, Pan Q, Fu H (2016) Phosphorus-doped carbon nitride
tubes with a layered micro-nanostructure for enhanced visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen
evolution. Angew Chem Int Ed 55(5):1830–1834
54. Liu P, Rodriguez JA (2005) Catalysts for hydrogen evolution from the [NiFe] hydrogenase to
the Ni 2 P (001) surface: the importance of ensemble effect. J Am Chem Soc 127
(42):14871–14878
55. Xiao P, Sk MA, Thia L, Ge X, Lim RJ, Wang J, Lim KH, Wang X (2014) Molybdenum
phosphide as an efficient electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction. Energy Environ
Sci 7(8):2624–2629
56. Yan H, Tian C, Wang L, Wu A, Meng M, Zhao L, Fu H (2015) Phosphorus-modified tungsten
nitride/reduced graphene oxide as a high-performance, non-noble-metal electrocatalyst for the
hydrogen evolution reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed 54(21):6325–6329
57. Pan Y, Liu Y, Zhao J, Yang K, Liang J, Liu D, Hu W, Liu D, Liu Y, Liu C (2015)
Monodispersed nickel phosphide nanocrystals with different phases: synthesis, characterization
and electrocatalytic properties for hydrogen evolution. J Mater Chem A 3(4):1656–1665
58. Callejas JF, Read CG, Popczun EJ, McEnaney JM, Schaak RE (2015) Nanostructured Co 2 P
electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction and direct comparison with morphologically
equivalent CoP. Chem Mater 27(10):3769–3774
59. Carenco S, Portehault D, Boissiere C, Mezailles N, Sanchez C (2013) Nanoscaled metal borides
and phosphides: recent developments and perspectives. Chem Rev 113(10):7981–8065
400
16 Transition Metal Phosphide As Cocatalysts for Semiconductor-Based. . .
cadmium sulfide semiconductor nanorods for exceptional photocatalytic hydrogen production
under visible light. J Mater Chem A 4(5):1598–1602
43. Fullenwarth J, Darwiche A, Soares A, Donnadieu B, Monconduit L (2014) NiP 3 : a promising
negative electrode for Li-and Na-ion batteries. J Mater Chem A 2(7):2050–2059
44. Li Q, Li Z, Zhang Z, Li C, Ma J, Wang C, Ge X, Dong S, Yin L (2016) Low-temperature
solution-based phosphorization reaction route to Sn 4 P 3 /reduced graphene oxide nanohybrids as
anodes for sodium ion batteries. Advanced Energy Mater 6(15):1600376
45. Sun Z, Zheng H, Li J, Du P (2015) Extra-ordinarily efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
in water using semiconductor nanorods integrated with crystalline Ni 2 P cocatalysts. Energy
Environ Sci 8(9):2668–2676
46. Lou P, Cui Z, Jia Z, Sun J, Tan Y, Guo X (2017) Monodispersed carbon-coated cubic NiP 2
canoparticles anchored on carbon canotubes as ultra-long-life anodes for reversible lithium
storage. ACS Nano 11(4):3705–3715
47. Wu T, Chen S, Zhang D, Hou J (2015) Facile preparation of semimetallic MoP 2 as a novel
visible light driven photocatalyst with high photocatalytic activity. J Mater Chem A 3
(19):10360–10367
48. Pu Z, Liu Q, Asiri AM, Sun X (2014) Tungsten phosphide nanorod arrays directly grown on
carbon cloth: a highly efficient and stable hydrogen evolution cathode at all pH values. ACS
Appl Mater Inter 6(24):21874–21879
49. He P, Yu X, Lou X (2017) Carbon-incorporated nickel-cobalt mixed metal phosphide
nanoboxes with enhanced electrocatalytic activity for oxygen evolution. Angew Chem 129
(14):3955–3958
50. Cao S, Chen Y, Wang C, He P, Fu W (2014) Highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
by nickel phosphide nanoparticles from aqueous solution. Chem Commun 50
(72):10427–10429
51. Feng L, Li K, Chang J, Liu C, Xing W (2015) Nanostructured PtRu/C catalyst promoted by CoP
as an efficient and robust anode catalyst in direct methanol fuel cells. Nano Energy 15:462–469
52. Tong Y, Gu C, Zhang J, Huang M, Tang H, Wang X, Tu J (2015) Three-dimensional astrocytenetwork Ni-P-O compound with superior electrocatalytic activity and stability for methanol
oxidation in alkaline environments. J Mater Chem A 3(8):4669–4678
53. Guo S, Deng Z, Li M, Jiang B, Tian C, Pan Q, Fu H (2016) Phosphorus-doped carbon nitride
tubes with a layered micro-nanostructure for enhanced visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen
evolution. Angew Chem Int Ed 55(5):1830–1834
54. Liu P, Rodriguez JA (2005) Catalysts for hydrogen evolution from the [NiFe] hydrogenase to
the Ni 2 P (001) surface: the importance of ensemble effect. J Am Chem Soc 127
(42):14871–14878
55. Xiao P, Sk MA, Thia L, Ge X, Lim RJ, Wang J, Lim KH, Wang X (2014) Molybdenum
phosphide as an efficient electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction. Energy Environ
Sci 7(8):2624–2629
56. Yan H, Tian C, Wang L, Wu A, Meng M, Zhao L, Fu H (2015) Phosphorus-modified tungsten
nitride/reduced graphene oxide as a high-performance, non-noble-metal electrocatalyst for the
hydrogen evolution reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed 54(21):6325–6329
57. Pan Y, Liu Y, Zhao J, Yang K, Liang J, Liu D, Hu W, Liu D, Liu Y, Liu C (2015)
Monodispersed nickel phosphide nanocrystals with different phases: synthesis, characterization
and electrocatalytic properties for hydrogen evolution. J Mater Chem A 3(4):1656–1665
58. Callejas JF, Read CG, Popczun EJ, McEnaney JM, Schaak RE (2015) Nanostructured Co 2 P
electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction and direct comparison with morphologically
equivalent CoP. Chem Mater 27(10):3769–3774
59. Carenco S, Portehault D, Boissiere C, Mezailles N, Sanchez C (2013) Nanoscaled metal borides
and phosphides: recent developments and perspectives. Chem Rev 113(10):7981–8065
400
16 Transition Metal Phosphide As Cocatalysts for Semiconductor-Based. . .