38. Jin J, Yu J, Guo D, Cui C, Ho W (2015) A hierarchical Z-scheme CdS-WO 3 photocatalyst with
enhanced CO 2 reduction activity. Small 11(39):5262–5271
39. Wang J, Yao H, Fan Z, Zhang L, Wang J, Zang S, Li Z (2016) Indirect Z-scheme BiOI/g-C 3 N 4
photocatalysts with enhanced photoreduction CO 2 activity under visible light irradiation. ACS
Appl Mater Interfaces 8(6):3765–3775
40. Li P, Zhou Y, Zhao Z, Xu Q, Wang X, Xiao M, Zou Z (2015) Hexahedron prism-anchored
octahedronal CeO 2 : crystal facet-based homojunction promoting efficient solar fuel synthesis. J
Am Chem Soc 137(30):9547–9550
41. Zhai Q, Xie S, Fan W, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Deng W, Wang Y (2013) Photocatalytic conversion
of carbon dioxide with water into methane: platinum and copper(I) oxide co-catalysts with a
core-shell structure. Angew Chem Int Ed 125(22):5888–5891
42. Liu Q, Zhou Y, Kou J et al (2010) High-yield synthesis of ultralong and ultrathin Zn 2 GeO 4
nanoribbons toward improved photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 into renewable hydrocarbon
fuel. J Am Chem Soc 132(41):14385–14387
43. Sarkar A, Gracia-Espino E, Wågberg T, Shchukarev A, Mohl M, Rautio AR, Pitkänen O,
Sharifi T, Kordas K, Mikkola JP (2016) Photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 with H 2 O over
modified TiO 2 nanofibers: understanding the reduction pathway. Nano Res 9(7):1956–1968
44. Wei Y, Jiao J, Zhao Z, Zhong W, Li J, Liu J, Jiang G, Duan A (2015) 3D ordered macroporous
TiO 2 -supported Pt@CdS core-shell nanoparticles: design, synthesis and efficient photocatalytic
conversion of CO 2 with water to methane. J Mater Chem A 3(20):11074–11085
45. Li H, Gao Y, Zhou Y et al (2016) Construction and nanoscale detection of interfacial charge
transfer of elegant Z-scheme WO 3 /Au/In 2 S 3 nanowire arrays. Nano Lett 16(9):5547–5552
46. Pastrana-Martínez LM, Silva AMT, Fonseca NNC, Vaz JR, Figueiredo JL, Faria JL (2016)
Photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 with water into methanol and ethanol using graphene derivative-TiO 2 composites: effect of pH and copper(I) oxide. Top Catal 59(15–16):1279–1291
47. Pan Y, You Y, Xin S, Li Y, Fu G, Cui Z, Men Y, Cao F, Yu S, Goodenough JB (2017)
Photocatalytic CO 2 reduction by carbon-coated indium-oxide nanobelts. J Am Chem Soc 139
(11):4123–4129
48. Wang Y, Bai X, Qin H, Wang F, Li Y, Li X, Kang S, Zuo Y, Cui L (2016) Facile one-step
synthesis of hybrid graphitic carbon nitride and carbon composites as high-performance
catalysts for CO 2 photocatalytic conversion. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8(27):17212–17219
49. Tu W, Zhou Y, Liu Q, Yan S, Bao S, Wang X, Xiao M, Zou Z (2013) An in situ simultaneous
reduction-hydrolysis technique for fabrication of TiO 2 -graphene 2D sandwich-like hybrid
nanosheets: graphene-promoted selectivity of photocatalytic-driven hydrogenation and coupling of CO 2 into methane and ethane. Adv Funct Mater 23(14):1743–1749
50. Tu W, Zhou Y, Liu Q, Tian Z, Gao J, Chen X, Zhang H, Liu J, Zou Z (2012) Robust hollow
spheres consisting of alternating titania nanosheets and graphene nanosheets with high
photocatalytic activity for CO 2 conversion into renewable fuels. Adv Funct Mater 22
(6):1215–1221
51. Gao C, Meng Q, Zhao K et al (2016) Co 3 O 4 hexagonal platelets with controllable facets
enabling highly efficient visible-light photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 . Adv Mater 28
(30):6485–6490
52. Xu Y, Yang M, Chen B, Wang X, Chen H, Kuang D, Su C (2017) A CsPbBr 3 perovskite
quantum dot/graphene oxide composite for photocatalytic CO 2 reduction. J Am Chem Soc 139
(16):5660–5663
53. Li R, Hu J, Deng M et al (2014) Integration of an inorganic semiconductor with a metal–organic
framework: a platform for enhanced gaseous photocatalytic reactions. Adv Mater 26
(28):4783–4788
54. Yu J, Jin J, Cheng B, Jaroniec M (2014) A noble metal-free reduced graphene oxide–CdS
nanorod composite for the enhanced visible-light photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 to solar fuel. J
Mater Chem A 2(10):3407
55. Ong WJ, Putri LK, Tan YC, Tan LL, Li N, Ng YH, Wen X, Chai SP (2017) Unravelling charge
carrier dynamics in protonated g-C 3 N 4 interfaced with carbon nanodots as co-catalysts toward
304
12 Roles and Properties of Cocatalysts in Semiconductor-Based Materials. . .
enhanced CO 2 reduction activity. Small 11(39):5262–5271
39. Wang J, Yao H, Fan Z, Zhang L, Wang J, Zang S, Li Z (2016) Indirect Z-scheme BiOI/g-C 3 N 4
photocatalysts with enhanced photoreduction CO 2 activity under visible light irradiation. ACS
Appl Mater Interfaces 8(6):3765–3775
40. Li P, Zhou Y, Zhao Z, Xu Q, Wang X, Xiao M, Zou Z (2015) Hexahedron prism-anchored
octahedronal CeO 2 : crystal facet-based homojunction promoting efficient solar fuel synthesis. J
Am Chem Soc 137(30):9547–9550
41. Zhai Q, Xie S, Fan W, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Deng W, Wang Y (2013) Photocatalytic conversion
of carbon dioxide with water into methane: platinum and copper(I) oxide co-catalysts with a
core-shell structure. Angew Chem Int Ed 125(22):5888–5891
42. Liu Q, Zhou Y, Kou J et al (2010) High-yield synthesis of ultralong and ultrathin Zn 2 GeO 4
nanoribbons toward improved photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 into renewable hydrocarbon
fuel. J Am Chem Soc 132(41):14385–14387
43. Sarkar A, Gracia-Espino E, Wågberg T, Shchukarev A, Mohl M, Rautio AR, Pitkänen O,
Sharifi T, Kordas K, Mikkola JP (2016) Photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 with H 2 O over
modified TiO 2 nanofibers: understanding the reduction pathway. Nano Res 9(7):1956–1968
44. Wei Y, Jiao J, Zhao Z, Zhong W, Li J, Liu J, Jiang G, Duan A (2015) 3D ordered macroporous
TiO 2 -supported Pt@CdS core-shell nanoparticles: design, synthesis and efficient photocatalytic
conversion of CO 2 with water to methane. J Mater Chem A 3(20):11074–11085
45. Li H, Gao Y, Zhou Y et al (2016) Construction and nanoscale detection of interfacial charge
transfer of elegant Z-scheme WO 3 /Au/In 2 S 3 nanowire arrays. Nano Lett 16(9):5547–5552
46. Pastrana-Martínez LM, Silva AMT, Fonseca NNC, Vaz JR, Figueiredo JL, Faria JL (2016)
Photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 with water into methanol and ethanol using graphene derivative-TiO 2 composites: effect of pH and copper(I) oxide. Top Catal 59(15–16):1279–1291
47. Pan Y, You Y, Xin S, Li Y, Fu G, Cui Z, Men Y, Cao F, Yu S, Goodenough JB (2017)
Photocatalytic CO 2 reduction by carbon-coated indium-oxide nanobelts. J Am Chem Soc 139
(11):4123–4129
48. Wang Y, Bai X, Qin H, Wang F, Li Y, Li X, Kang S, Zuo Y, Cui L (2016) Facile one-step
synthesis of hybrid graphitic carbon nitride and carbon composites as high-performance
catalysts for CO 2 photocatalytic conversion. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8(27):17212–17219
49. Tu W, Zhou Y, Liu Q, Yan S, Bao S, Wang X, Xiao M, Zou Z (2013) An in situ simultaneous
reduction-hydrolysis technique for fabrication of TiO 2 -graphene 2D sandwich-like hybrid
nanosheets: graphene-promoted selectivity of photocatalytic-driven hydrogenation and coupling of CO 2 into methane and ethane. Adv Funct Mater 23(14):1743–1749
50. Tu W, Zhou Y, Liu Q, Tian Z, Gao J, Chen X, Zhang H, Liu J, Zou Z (2012) Robust hollow
spheres consisting of alternating titania nanosheets and graphene nanosheets with high
photocatalytic activity for CO 2 conversion into renewable fuels. Adv Funct Mater 22
(6):1215–1221
51. Gao C, Meng Q, Zhao K et al (2016) Co 3 O 4 hexagonal platelets with controllable facets
enabling highly efficient visible-light photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 . Adv Mater 28
(30):6485–6490
52. Xu Y, Yang M, Chen B, Wang X, Chen H, Kuang D, Su C (2017) A CsPbBr 3 perovskite
quantum dot/graphene oxide composite for photocatalytic CO 2 reduction. J Am Chem Soc 139
(16):5660–5663
53. Li R, Hu J, Deng M et al (2014) Integration of an inorganic semiconductor with a metal–organic
framework: a platform for enhanced gaseous photocatalytic reactions. Adv Mater 26
(28):4783–4788
54. Yu J, Jin J, Cheng B, Jaroniec M (2014) A noble metal-free reduced graphene oxide–CdS
nanorod composite for the enhanced visible-light photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 to solar fuel. J
Mater Chem A 2(10):3407
55. Ong WJ, Putri LK, Tan YC, Tan LL, Li N, Ng YH, Wen X, Chai SP (2017) Unravelling charge
carrier dynamics in protonated g-C 3 N 4 interfaced with carbon nanodots as co-catalysts toward
304
12 Roles and Properties of Cocatalysts in Semiconductor-Based Materials. . .