Table 12.1
Semiconductor-based photocatalysts with cocatalysts in CO
2 photoreduction
Photocatalysts
Cocatalysts
Optimal product yield
(μmol/gÁh exception unit
stated otherwise)
Brief photocatalyst preparation
method
CO
2 photoreduction evaluation
details
Refs.
1
MgO–Pt–TiO
2
MgO, Pt
CH
4 (8.9); H
2 (8.4)
Impregnation method for MgO modification and photo-deposition for Pt
load
20 mg catalyst placed on a Teflon
holder, 0.2 MPa CO
2 and 4 mL H
2 O,
temperature was kept at 323 K,
100 W Xe lamp: 60 mW/cm
2
at UV
range was used as the light source
[10]
2
Pt–TiO
2 single
crystal
Pt
CH
4 (1361)
tilted-target sputtering (TTS)
configuration
Catalyst
film, CO
2 and H
2 O vapor,
400 W Xe lamp was used as the light
source, continuous
flow
[9]
3
Pd/C
3 N
4
Pd
CO (20.3); H
2 (9.7);
CH
4 (0.28); C
2 H
5 OH
(2.2)
Solution-phase method using different facet-selective capping agents
and PVP as reductant and stabilizer
10 mg catalyst dispersed on a porous
holder made of quartz sand,
0.15 MPa CO
2 and 3 mL H
2 O,
300 W Xe lamp with 400 nm cutoff
filter: 100 mW/cm
2
was used as the
light source
[15]
4
Pd/TiO
2 sheet
Pd
CO (12.6); CH
4 (3.0)
Self-assembly of pre-synthesized Pd
nanosheets onto the TiO
2 nanosheets
10 mg catalyst dispersed on a porous
holder made of quartz sand,
0.15 MPa CO
2 and 3 mL H
2 O,
300 W Xe lamp with 400 nm cutoff
filter: 100 mW/cm
2
was used as the
light source
[16]
5
Ag/Brookite
nanocube
Ag
CH
4 (11.5); CO (128.8) AgNO
3 was mixed with brookite and
reduced by NaBH
4
0.15 g catalyst, 28 cm
2
, CO
2 , and
H
2 O vapor generate from
NaHCO
3 + H
2 SO
4 ; 300 W Xe lamp
was used as the light source
[21]
6
Metal NPs/TiO
2
nanotube
Au, Ru, ZnPd CH
4 (58.47, 26.37,
26.83, respectively)
Stepwise impregnation(colloid synthesis
first) of metal NPs
Stainless steel reaction chamber with
water droplets, solar simulator
equipped with class A
filters
[28]
(continued)
12.2 Basic Principles of CO 2 Photoreduction
277
Semiconductor-based photocatalysts with cocatalysts in CO
2 photoreduction
Photocatalysts
Cocatalysts
Optimal product yield
(μmol/gÁh exception unit
stated otherwise)
Brief photocatalyst preparation
method
CO
2 photoreduction evaluation
details
Refs.
1
MgO–Pt–TiO
2
MgO, Pt
CH
4 (8.9); H
2 (8.4)
Impregnation method for MgO modification and photo-deposition for Pt
load
20 mg catalyst placed on a Teflon
holder, 0.2 MPa CO
2 and 4 mL H
2 O,
temperature was kept at 323 K,
100 W Xe lamp: 60 mW/cm
2
at UV
range was used as the light source
[10]
2
Pt–TiO
2 single
crystal
Pt
CH
4 (1361)
tilted-target sputtering (TTS)
configuration
Catalyst
film, CO
2 and H
2 O vapor,
400 W Xe lamp was used as the light
source, continuous
flow
[9]
3
Pd/C
3 N
4
Pd
CO (20.3); H
2 (9.7);
CH
4 (0.28); C
2 H
5 OH
(2.2)
Solution-phase method using different facet-selective capping agents
and PVP as reductant and stabilizer
10 mg catalyst dispersed on a porous
holder made of quartz sand,
0.15 MPa CO
2 and 3 mL H
2 O,
300 W Xe lamp with 400 nm cutoff
filter: 100 mW/cm
2
was used as the
light source
[15]
4
Pd/TiO
2 sheet
Pd
CO (12.6); CH
4 (3.0)
Self-assembly of pre-synthesized Pd
nanosheets onto the TiO
2 nanosheets
10 mg catalyst dispersed on a porous
holder made of quartz sand,
0.15 MPa CO
2 and 3 mL H
2 O,
300 W Xe lamp with 400 nm cutoff
filter: 100 mW/cm
2
was used as the
light source
[16]
5
Ag/Brookite
nanocube
Ag
CH
4 (11.5); CO (128.8) AgNO
3 was mixed with brookite and
reduced by NaBH
4
0.15 g catalyst, 28 cm
2
, CO
2 , and
H
2 O vapor generate from
NaHCO
3 + H
2 SO
4 ; 300 W Xe lamp
was used as the light source
[21]
6
Metal NPs/TiO
2
nanotube
Au, Ru, ZnPd CH
4 (58.47, 26.37,
26.83, respectively)
Stepwise impregnation(colloid synthesis
first) of metal NPs
Stainless steel reaction chamber with
water droplets, solar simulator
equipped with class A
filters
[28]
(continued)
12.2 Basic Principles of CO 2 Photoreduction
277