42. Xing M, Zhang J, Chen F et al (2009) New approaches to prepare nitrogen-doped TiO 2
photocatalysts and study on their photocatalytic activities in visible light. Appl Catal B
Environ 89(3):563–569
43. Lu XN, Tian BZ, Chen F et al (2010) Preparation of boron-doped TiO 2 films by autoclaved-sol
method at low temperature and study on their photocatalytic activity. Thin Solid Films 519
(1):111–116
44. Wu YM, Xing MY, Zhang JL et al (2010) Effective visible light-active boron and carbon
modified TiO 2 photocatalyst for degradation of organic pollutant. Appl Catal B Environ 97
(1):182–189
45. Tang YB, Yin LC, Yang Y et al (2012) Tunable band gaps and p-type transport properties of
boron-doped graphenes by controllable ion doping using reactive microwave plasma. ACS
Nano 6(3):1970–1978
46. Wang XD, Blackford M, Prince K et al (2012) Preparation of boron-doped porous titania
networks containing gold nanoparticles with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 4(1):476–482
47. Wu YM, Zhang JL, Xiao L et al (2010) Properties of carbon and iron modified TiO 2
photocatalyst synthesized at low temperature and photodegradation of acid orange 7 under
visible light. Appl Surf Sci 256(13):4260–4268
48. Parayil SK, Kibombo HS, Wu CM et al (2012) Enhanced photocatalytic water splitting
activity of carbon-modified TiO 2 composite materials synthesized by a green synthetic
approach. Int J Hydrog Energy 37(10):8257–8267
49. Zhong J, Chen F, Zhang JL (2009) Carbon-deposited TiO2: synthesis, characterization, and
visible photocatalytic performance. J Phys Chem C 114(2):933–939
50. Xing MY, Qi DY, Zhang JL et al (2012) Super-hydrophobic fluorination mesoporous
MCF/TiO 2 composite as a high-performance photocatalyst. J Catal 294:37–46
51. Tosoni S, Fernandez Hevia D, González Díaz Ó et al (2012) Origin of optical excitations in
fluorine-doped titania from response function theory: relevance to photocatalysis. J Phys
Chem Lett 3(16):2269–2274
52. Liu SW, Yu JG, Cheng B et al (2012) Fluorinated semiconductor photocatalysts: tunable
synthesis and unique properties. Adv Colloid Interf Sci 173:35–53
53. Seo H, Baker LR, Hervier A et al (2010) Generation of highly n-type titanium oxide using
plasma fluorine insertion. Nano Lett 11(2):751–756
54. Kuwahara Y, Maki K, Matsumura Y et al (2009) Hydrophobic modification of a mesoporous
silica surface using a fluorine-containing silylation agent and its application as an advantageous host material for the TiO 2 photocatalyst. J Phys Chem C 113(4):1552–1559
55. Xu P, Xu T, Lu J et al (2010) Visible-light-driven photocatalytic S-and C-codoped meso/
nanoporous TiO 2 . Energy Environ Sci 3(8):1128–1134
56. Niu Y, Xing M, Tian B et al (2012) Improving the visible light photocatalytic activity of nanosized titanium dioxide via the synergistic effects between sulfur doping and sulfation. Appl
Catal B Environ 115–116:253–260
57. Bidaye P, Khushalani D, Fernandes JB (2010) A simple method for synthesis of S-doped TiO 2
of high photocatalytic activity. Catal Lett 134(1–2):169–174
58. Dozzi MV, Livraghi S, Giamello E et al (2011) Photocatalytic activity of S-and F-doped TiO 2
in formic acid mineralization. Photochem Photobiol Sci 10(3):343–349
59. He HY (2010) Solvothermal synthesis and photocatalytic activity of S-doped TiO 2 and TiS 2
powders. Res Chem Intermed 36(2):155–161
60. Yang K, Dai Y, Huang BJ (2007) Understanding photocatalytic activity of S-and P-doped
TiO 2 under visible light from first-principles. J Phys Chem C 111(51):18985–18994
61. Di Valentin C, Pacchioni G, Selloni A et al (2005) Characterization of paramagnetic species in
N-doped TiO 2 powders by EPR spectroscopy and DFT calculations. J Phys Chem B 109
(23):11414–11419
62. Livraghi S, Paganini MC, Giamello E et al (2006) Origin of photoactivity of nitrogen-doped
titanium dioxide under visible light. J Am Chem Soc 128(49):15666–15671
216
8 Modifications of Photocatalysts by Doping Methods
photocatalysts and study on their photocatalytic activities in visible light. Appl Catal B
Environ 89(3):563–569
43. Lu XN, Tian BZ, Chen F et al (2010) Preparation of boron-doped TiO 2 films by autoclaved-sol
method at low temperature and study on their photocatalytic activity. Thin Solid Films 519
(1):111–116
44. Wu YM, Xing MY, Zhang JL et al (2010) Effective visible light-active boron and carbon
modified TiO 2 photocatalyst for degradation of organic pollutant. Appl Catal B Environ 97
(1):182–189
45. Tang YB, Yin LC, Yang Y et al (2012) Tunable band gaps and p-type transport properties of
boron-doped graphenes by controllable ion doping using reactive microwave plasma. ACS
Nano 6(3):1970–1978
46. Wang XD, Blackford M, Prince K et al (2012) Preparation of boron-doped porous titania
networks containing gold nanoparticles with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 4(1):476–482
47. Wu YM, Zhang JL, Xiao L et al (2010) Properties of carbon and iron modified TiO 2
photocatalyst synthesized at low temperature and photodegradation of acid orange 7 under
visible light. Appl Surf Sci 256(13):4260–4268
48. Parayil SK, Kibombo HS, Wu CM et al (2012) Enhanced photocatalytic water splitting
activity of carbon-modified TiO 2 composite materials synthesized by a green synthetic
approach. Int J Hydrog Energy 37(10):8257–8267
49. Zhong J, Chen F, Zhang JL (2009) Carbon-deposited TiO2: synthesis, characterization, and
visible photocatalytic performance. J Phys Chem C 114(2):933–939
50. Xing MY, Qi DY, Zhang JL et al (2012) Super-hydrophobic fluorination mesoporous
MCF/TiO 2 composite as a high-performance photocatalyst. J Catal 294:37–46
51. Tosoni S, Fernandez Hevia D, González Díaz Ó et al (2012) Origin of optical excitations in
fluorine-doped titania from response function theory: relevance to photocatalysis. J Phys
Chem Lett 3(16):2269–2274
52. Liu SW, Yu JG, Cheng B et al (2012) Fluorinated semiconductor photocatalysts: tunable
synthesis and unique properties. Adv Colloid Interf Sci 173:35–53
53. Seo H, Baker LR, Hervier A et al (2010) Generation of highly n-type titanium oxide using
plasma fluorine insertion. Nano Lett 11(2):751–756
54. Kuwahara Y, Maki K, Matsumura Y et al (2009) Hydrophobic modification of a mesoporous
silica surface using a fluorine-containing silylation agent and its application as an advantageous host material for the TiO 2 photocatalyst. J Phys Chem C 113(4):1552–1559
55. Xu P, Xu T, Lu J et al (2010) Visible-light-driven photocatalytic S-and C-codoped meso/
nanoporous TiO 2 . Energy Environ Sci 3(8):1128–1134
56. Niu Y, Xing M, Tian B et al (2012) Improving the visible light photocatalytic activity of nanosized titanium dioxide via the synergistic effects between sulfur doping and sulfation. Appl
Catal B Environ 115–116:253–260
57. Bidaye P, Khushalani D, Fernandes JB (2010) A simple method for synthesis of S-doped TiO 2
of high photocatalytic activity. Catal Lett 134(1–2):169–174
58. Dozzi MV, Livraghi S, Giamello E et al (2011) Photocatalytic activity of S-and F-doped TiO 2
in formic acid mineralization. Photochem Photobiol Sci 10(3):343–349
59. He HY (2010) Solvothermal synthesis and photocatalytic activity of S-doped TiO 2 and TiS 2
powders. Res Chem Intermed 36(2):155–161
60. Yang K, Dai Y, Huang BJ (2007) Understanding photocatalytic activity of S-and P-doped
TiO 2 under visible light from first-principles. J Phys Chem C 111(51):18985–18994
61. Di Valentin C, Pacchioni G, Selloni A et al (2005) Characterization of paramagnetic species in
N-doped TiO 2 powders by EPR spectroscopy and DFT calculations. J Phys Chem B 109
(23):11414–11419
62. Livraghi S, Paganini MC, Giamello E et al (2006) Origin of photoactivity of nitrogen-doped
titanium dioxide under visible light. J Am Chem Soc 128(49):15666–15671
216
8 Modifications of Photocatalysts by Doping Methods