90
N. R. Jena et al.
131. Whiteman M, Spencer JPE, Jenner A, Halliwell B (1999) Hypochlorous acid induced DNA
base modification: potentiation by nitrite: biomarkers of DNA damage by reactive oxygen
species. Biochem Biophy Res Commun 257:572–576
132. Ohshima R, Sawa T, Akaike T (2006) 8-Nitroguanine, a product of nitrative DNA damage
caused by reactive nitrogen species: formation, occurrence, and implications in inflammation and carcinogenesis. Antioxid Redox Signal 8:1033–1045
133. Dauchet L, Amouyel P, Dallongeville J (2009) Fruits, vegetables and coronary heart disease. Nature Rev Cardiol 6:599–608
134. Slemmer JE, Shacka JJ, Sweeney MI, Weber JT (2008) Anti-oxidants and free radical
scavengers for the treatment of stroke, traumatic brain injury and aging. Curr Med Chem
15:404–414
135. Chun OK, Kim DO, Lee CY (2003) Superoxide radical scavenging activity of the major
polyphenols in fresh plums. J Agric Food Chem 51:8067–8072
136. Nandi A, Chatterjee IB (1987) Scavenging of superoxide radical by ascorbic acid. J Biosci
11:435–441
137. Yasuhisa T, Hideki H, Muneyoshi Y (1993) Superoxide radical scavenging activity of phenolic compounds. Int J Biochem 25:491–494
138. Edge R, McGarvey DJ, Truscott TG (1997) The carotenoids as anti-oxidants-a review. J
Photochem Photobiol B: Biol 41:189–200
139. Cardounel AJ, Dumitrescu C, Zweier JL, Lockwood SF (2003) Direct superoxide anion
scavenging by a disodium disuccinate astaxanthin derivative: relative efficacy of individual
stereoisomers versus the statistical mixture of stereoisomers by electron paramagnetic resonance imaging. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 307:704–712
140. Foss BJ, Sliwka HR, Partali V, Cardounel AJ, Zweierb JL, Lockwood SF (2004) Direct
superoxide anion scavenging by a highly water-dispersible carotenoid phospholipid evaluated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Bioorg Med Chem Lett
14:2807–2812
141. Galano A, Vargas R, Martínez A (2010) Carotenoids can act as anti-oxidants by oxidizing
the superoxide radical anion. Phys Chem Chem Phys 12:193–200
142. Tiwari S, Mishra PC (2011) Urocanic acid as an efficient hydroxyl radical scavenger: a
quantum theoretical study. J Mol Model 17:59–72
143. Kammeyer A, Eggelte TA, Overmars H, Bootsma JD, Bos JD, Teunissen MBM (2001) Oxidative breakdown and conversion of urocanic acid isomers by hydroxyl radical generating
systems. Biochim Biophys Acta 1526:277–285
144. Gibbs NK, Tye J, Norval M (2008) Recent advances in urocanic acid photochemistry, photobiology and photoimmunology. Photochem Photobiol Sci 7:655–667
145. Lu KT, Chiou RY, Chen LG, Chen MH, Tseng WT (2006) Neuroprotective effects of resveratrol on cerebral ischemia-induced neuron loss mediated by free radical scavenging and
cerebral blood flow elevation. J Agric Food Chem 54:3126–3131
146. Lipinski B (2011) Hydroxyl radical and its scavengers in health and disease. Oxid Med Cell
Longev 2011:809696
147. Ghiselli A, Laurenti O, DeMattia G, Maiani G, Ferro-Luzzi A (1992) Salicylate hydroxylation as an early marker of in vivo oxidative stress in diabetic patients. Free Rad Biol Med
13:621–626
148. Hatcher H, Planalp R, Cho J, Torti FM, Torti SV (2008) Curcumin: from ancient medicine
to current clinical trials. Cell Mol Life Sci 65:1631–1652
149. Agnihotri N, Mishra PC (2011) Scavenging mechanism of curcumin toward the hydroxyl
radical: a theoretical study of reactions producing ferulic acid and vanillin. J Phys Chem A
115:14221–14232
150. Srinivasan M, Sudheer AR, Menon VP (2007) Ferulic acid: therapeutic potential through its
anti-oxidant property. J Clin Biochem Nutr 40:92–100
151. Balendiran GK, Dabur R, Fraser D (2004) The role of glutathione in cancer. Cell Biochem
Funct 22:343–352
N. R. Jena et al.
131. Whiteman M, Spencer JPE, Jenner A, Halliwell B (1999) Hypochlorous acid induced DNA
base modification: potentiation by nitrite: biomarkers of DNA damage by reactive oxygen
species. Biochem Biophy Res Commun 257:572–576
132. Ohshima R, Sawa T, Akaike T (2006) 8-Nitroguanine, a product of nitrative DNA damage
caused by reactive nitrogen species: formation, occurrence, and implications in inflammation and carcinogenesis. Antioxid Redox Signal 8:1033–1045
133. Dauchet L, Amouyel P, Dallongeville J (2009) Fruits, vegetables and coronary heart disease. Nature Rev Cardiol 6:599–608
134. Slemmer JE, Shacka JJ, Sweeney MI, Weber JT (2008) Anti-oxidants and free radical
scavengers for the treatment of stroke, traumatic brain injury and aging. Curr Med Chem
15:404–414
135. Chun OK, Kim DO, Lee CY (2003) Superoxide radical scavenging activity of the major
polyphenols in fresh plums. J Agric Food Chem 51:8067–8072
136. Nandi A, Chatterjee IB (1987) Scavenging of superoxide radical by ascorbic acid. J Biosci
11:435–441
137. Yasuhisa T, Hideki H, Muneyoshi Y (1993) Superoxide radical scavenging activity of phenolic compounds. Int J Biochem 25:491–494
138. Edge R, McGarvey DJ, Truscott TG (1997) The carotenoids as anti-oxidants-a review. J
Photochem Photobiol B: Biol 41:189–200
139. Cardounel AJ, Dumitrescu C, Zweier JL, Lockwood SF (2003) Direct superoxide anion
scavenging by a disodium disuccinate astaxanthin derivative: relative efficacy of individual
stereoisomers versus the statistical mixture of stereoisomers by electron paramagnetic resonance imaging. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 307:704–712
140. Foss BJ, Sliwka HR, Partali V, Cardounel AJ, Zweierb JL, Lockwood SF (2004) Direct
superoxide anion scavenging by a highly water-dispersible carotenoid phospholipid evaluated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Bioorg Med Chem Lett
14:2807–2812
141. Galano A, Vargas R, Martínez A (2010) Carotenoids can act as anti-oxidants by oxidizing
the superoxide radical anion. Phys Chem Chem Phys 12:193–200
142. Tiwari S, Mishra PC (2011) Urocanic acid as an efficient hydroxyl radical scavenger: a
quantum theoretical study. J Mol Model 17:59–72
143. Kammeyer A, Eggelte TA, Overmars H, Bootsma JD, Bos JD, Teunissen MBM (2001) Oxidative breakdown and conversion of urocanic acid isomers by hydroxyl radical generating
systems. Biochim Biophys Acta 1526:277–285
144. Gibbs NK, Tye J, Norval M (2008) Recent advances in urocanic acid photochemistry, photobiology and photoimmunology. Photochem Photobiol Sci 7:655–667
145. Lu KT, Chiou RY, Chen LG, Chen MH, Tseng WT (2006) Neuroprotective effects of resveratrol on cerebral ischemia-induced neuron loss mediated by free radical scavenging and
cerebral blood flow elevation. J Agric Food Chem 54:3126–3131
146. Lipinski B (2011) Hydroxyl radical and its scavengers in health and disease. Oxid Med Cell
Longev 2011:809696
147. Ghiselli A, Laurenti O, DeMattia G, Maiani G, Ferro-Luzzi A (1992) Salicylate hydroxylation as an early marker of in vivo oxidative stress in diabetic patients. Free Rad Biol Med
13:621–626
148. Hatcher H, Planalp R, Cho J, Torti FM, Torti SV (2008) Curcumin: from ancient medicine
to current clinical trials. Cell Mol Life Sci 65:1631–1652
149. Agnihotri N, Mishra PC (2011) Scavenging mechanism of curcumin toward the hydroxyl
radical: a theoretical study of reactions producing ferulic acid and vanillin. J Phys Chem A
115:14221–14232
150. Srinivasan M, Sudheer AR, Menon VP (2007) Ferulic acid: therapeutic potential through its
anti-oxidant property. J Clin Biochem Nutr 40:92–100
151. Balendiran GK, Dabur R, Fraser D (2004) The role of glutathione in cancer. Cell Biochem
Funct 22:343–352