https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioelechem.2011.
06.001
3. Xu H, Li Z, Si J (2014) Nanocarriers in gene
therapy: a review. J Biomed Nanotechnol 10
(12):3483–3507. https://doi.org/10.1166/
jbn.2014.2044
4. Roos A-K, Moreno S, Leder C, Pavlenko M,
King A, Pisa P (2006) Enhancement of cellular
immune response to a prostate cancer DNA
vaccine by intradermal electroporation. Mol
Ther 13(2):320–327. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.ymthe.2005.08.005
5. Hirao LA, Wu L, Khan AS, Satishchandran A,
Draghia-Akli R, Weiner DB (2008) Intradermal/subcutaneous immunization by electroporation improves plasmid vaccine delivery
and potency in pigs and rhesus macaques. Vaccine 26(3):440–448. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.vaccine.2007.10.041
6. Medi BM, Layek B, Singh J (2017) Electroporation for dermal and transdermal drug delivery. In: Dragicevic N, Maibach HI (eds)
Percutaneous penetration enhancers physical
methods in penetration enhancement. Springer
Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp
105–122. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3662-53273-7_7
7. Cevc G (1996) Transfersomes, liposomes and
other lipid suspensions on the skin: permeation
enhancement, vesicle penetration, and transdermal drug delivery. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 13(3-4):257–388. https://doi.org/
10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.v13.
i3-4.30
8. Escobar-Chavez JJ, Merino V, LopezCervantes
M,
Rodriguez-Cruz
IM,
Quintanar-Guerrero D, Ganem-Quintanar A
(2009) The use of iontophoresis in the administration of nicotine and new non-nicotine
drugs through the skin for smoking cessation.
Curr Drug Discov Technol 6(3):171–185.
https://doi.org/10.2174/
157016309789054924
9. Newman CM, Bettinger T (2007) Gene therapy progress and prospects: ultrasound for
gene transfer. Gene Ther 14(6):465–475.
https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.gt.3302925
10. Ye Y, Wang C, Zhang X, Hu Q, Zhang Y,
Liu Q, Wen D, Milligan J, Bellotti A,
Huang L, Dotti G, Gu Z (2017) A melaninmediated cancer immunotherapy patch.
Science Immunology 2(17). https://doi.org/
10.1126/sciimmunol.aan5692
11. Wei Z, Huang Y, Zhao D, Hu Z, Li Z, Liang Z
(2015) A pliable electroporation patch
(ep-patch) for efficient delivery of nucleic acid
molecules into animal tissues with irregular
surface shapes. Sci Rep 5. https://doi.org/10.
1038/srep07618
12. Juan Escobar-Chavez J, Bonilla-Martinez D,
Angelica Villegas-Gonzalez M, Luisa RevillaVazquez A (2009) Electroporation as an efficient physical enhancer for skin drug delivery. J
Clin Pharmacol 49(11):1262–1283. https://
doi.org/10.1177/0091270009344984
13. Brave A, Gudmundsdotter L, Sandstrom E,
Haller BK, Hallengard D, Maltais AK, King
AD, Stout RR, Blomberg P, Hoglund U,
Hejdeman B, Biberfeld G, Wahren B (2010)
Biodistribution persistence and lack of integration of a multigene HIV vaccine delivered by
needle-free intradermal injection and electroporation. Vaccine 28(51):8203–8209. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.08.108
14. Marrero B, Shirley S, Heller R (2014) Delivery
of interleukin-15 to B16 melanoma by electroporation leads to tumor regression and longterm survival. Technol Cancer Res Treat 13
(6):551–560
15. Wei Z, Zheng S, Wang R, Bu X, Ma H, Wu Y,
Zhu L, Hu Z, Liang Z, Li Z (2014) A flexible
microneedle array as low-voltage electroporation electrodes for in vivo DNA and siRNA
delivery. Lab Chip 14(20):4093–4102.
https://doi.org/10.1039/C4LC00800F
16. Huang D, Zhao D, Wang X, Li C, Yang T,
Du L, Wei Z, Cheng Q, Cao H, Liang Z,
Huang Y, Li Z (2018) Efficient delivery of
nucleic acid molecules into skin by combined
use of microneedle roller and flexible interdigitated electroporation array. Theranostics 8
(9):2361–2376. https://doi.org/10.7150/
thno.23438
17. Prausnitz MR, Langer R (2008) Transdermal
drug
delivery.
Nat
Biotechnol
26
(11):1261–1268. https://doi.org/10.1038/
nbt.1504
18. Badran MM, Kuntsche J, Fahr A (2009) Skin
penetration enhancement by a microneedle
device (Dermaroller®) in vitro: dependency
on needle size and applied formulation. Eur J
Pharm Sci 36(4):511–523. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.ejps.2008.12.008
112
Dong Huang et al.
06.001
3. Xu H, Li Z, Si J (2014) Nanocarriers in gene
therapy: a review. J Biomed Nanotechnol 10
(12):3483–3507. https://doi.org/10.1166/
jbn.2014.2044
4. Roos A-K, Moreno S, Leder C, Pavlenko M,
King A, Pisa P (2006) Enhancement of cellular
immune response to a prostate cancer DNA
vaccine by intradermal electroporation. Mol
Ther 13(2):320–327. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.ymthe.2005.08.005
5. Hirao LA, Wu L, Khan AS, Satishchandran A,
Draghia-Akli R, Weiner DB (2008) Intradermal/subcutaneous immunization by electroporation improves plasmid vaccine delivery
and potency in pigs and rhesus macaques. Vaccine 26(3):440–448. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.vaccine.2007.10.041
6. Medi BM, Layek B, Singh J (2017) Electroporation for dermal and transdermal drug delivery. In: Dragicevic N, Maibach HI (eds)
Percutaneous penetration enhancers physical
methods in penetration enhancement. Springer
Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp
105–122. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3662-53273-7_7
7. Cevc G (1996) Transfersomes, liposomes and
other lipid suspensions on the skin: permeation
enhancement, vesicle penetration, and transdermal drug delivery. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 13(3-4):257–388. https://doi.org/
10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.v13.
i3-4.30
8. Escobar-Chavez JJ, Merino V, LopezCervantes
M,
Rodriguez-Cruz
IM,
Quintanar-Guerrero D, Ganem-Quintanar A
(2009) The use of iontophoresis in the administration of nicotine and new non-nicotine
drugs through the skin for smoking cessation.
Curr Drug Discov Technol 6(3):171–185.
https://doi.org/10.2174/
157016309789054924
9. Newman CM, Bettinger T (2007) Gene therapy progress and prospects: ultrasound for
gene transfer. Gene Ther 14(6):465–475.
https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.gt.3302925
10. Ye Y, Wang C, Zhang X, Hu Q, Zhang Y,
Liu Q, Wen D, Milligan J, Bellotti A,
Huang L, Dotti G, Gu Z (2017) A melaninmediated cancer immunotherapy patch.
Science Immunology 2(17). https://doi.org/
10.1126/sciimmunol.aan5692
11. Wei Z, Huang Y, Zhao D, Hu Z, Li Z, Liang Z
(2015) A pliable electroporation patch
(ep-patch) for efficient delivery of nucleic acid
molecules into animal tissues with irregular
surface shapes. Sci Rep 5. https://doi.org/10.
1038/srep07618
12. Juan Escobar-Chavez J, Bonilla-Martinez D,
Angelica Villegas-Gonzalez M, Luisa RevillaVazquez A (2009) Electroporation as an efficient physical enhancer for skin drug delivery. J
Clin Pharmacol 49(11):1262–1283. https://
doi.org/10.1177/0091270009344984
13. Brave A, Gudmundsdotter L, Sandstrom E,
Haller BK, Hallengard D, Maltais AK, King
AD, Stout RR, Blomberg P, Hoglund U,
Hejdeman B, Biberfeld G, Wahren B (2010)
Biodistribution persistence and lack of integration of a multigene HIV vaccine delivered by
needle-free intradermal injection and electroporation. Vaccine 28(51):8203–8209. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.08.108
14. Marrero B, Shirley S, Heller R (2014) Delivery
of interleukin-15 to B16 melanoma by electroporation leads to tumor regression and longterm survival. Technol Cancer Res Treat 13
(6):551–560
15. Wei Z, Zheng S, Wang R, Bu X, Ma H, Wu Y,
Zhu L, Hu Z, Liang Z, Li Z (2014) A flexible
microneedle array as low-voltage electroporation electrodes for in vivo DNA and siRNA
delivery. Lab Chip 14(20):4093–4102.
https://doi.org/10.1039/C4LC00800F
16. Huang D, Zhao D, Wang X, Li C, Yang T,
Du L, Wei Z, Cheng Q, Cao H, Liang Z,
Huang Y, Li Z (2018) Efficient delivery of
nucleic acid molecules into skin by combined
use of microneedle roller and flexible interdigitated electroporation array. Theranostics 8
(9):2361–2376. https://doi.org/10.7150/
thno.23438
17. Prausnitz MR, Langer R (2008) Transdermal
drug
delivery.
Nat
Biotechnol
26
(11):1261–1268. https://doi.org/10.1038/
nbt.1504
18. Badran MM, Kuntsche J, Fahr A (2009) Skin
penetration enhancement by a microneedle
device (Dermaroller®) in vitro: dependency
on needle size and applied formulation. Eur J
Pharm Sci 36(4):511–523. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.ejps.2008.12.008
112
Dong Huang et al.