too high current to cause harmful injure on skin, so 500 μm
space is taken as the best balance.
17. It easy to cut the Parylene into specific shape due to appropriate size of each FIEA. But using another photoresist mask to
etch the Parylene substrate before releasing is also an alternative. Compared with that, clipping out using a scissor is really a
cheaper and recommended method.
18. Depilating is recommended 24 h before electroporation, since
that the depilatory cream may stimulate the local skin and
tissue to negatively influence the performance of treatment.
19. With strengthening of the penetration condition (from
0.5 mm long to 2.0 mm long microneedle roller), the performance of drug delivery into skin is enhanced. On the other
hand, longer microneedle may cause more serious injury on the
tissue, and the vessels may even be punctured. The length of
microneedle should be chosen based on thickness of the target
skin’s stratum corneum. Here, we use 0.5 mm microneedle for
that the skin on mice thigh is very thin.
20. The successful transfection voltage ranges from 30 V to 70 V.
Lower or higher voltage may cause infeasible or excessive
electrical stimulation on target tissue.
21. Since that the muscle cramps may be caused when the pulses
are applied on, even the mice are fully anesthetized. The legs
must be fixed very well, otherwise conditioned leg retraction
response can affect the contact between patch and skin, leading
to unsuccessful electroporation.
22. The hydrophobic pipette tips can be utilized to help evenly
smear the drug on the skin surface. Let the nucleic acid drug
covers as large area as possible.
23. In order to facilitate the contact between electro patch and skin
during electroporation procedure, soft pressing plate can be
sued to apply pressure on the backside of FIEA.
24. Alternatively, an oscilloscope is able to draw a clear pulse configuration of every electrical pulse.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2016YFA0200802),
References
1. Yang G, Zhang Y, Gu Z (2018) Punching and
electroporation for enhanced transdermal
drug delivery. Theranostics 8(13):3688–3690.
https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.27236
2. Gothelf A, Mahmood F, Dagnaes-Hansen F,
Gehl J (2011) Efficacy of transgene expression
in porcine skin as a function of electrode
choice. Bioelectrochemistry 82(2):95–102.
Transdermal Delivery of Nucleic Acid Mediated by Punching and Electroporation
111
space is taken as the best balance.
17. It easy to cut the Parylene into specific shape due to appropriate size of each FIEA. But using another photoresist mask to
etch the Parylene substrate before releasing is also an alternative. Compared with that, clipping out using a scissor is really a
cheaper and recommended method.
18. Depilating is recommended 24 h before electroporation, since
that the depilatory cream may stimulate the local skin and
tissue to negatively influence the performance of treatment.
19. With strengthening of the penetration condition (from
0.5 mm long to 2.0 mm long microneedle roller), the performance of drug delivery into skin is enhanced. On the other
hand, longer microneedle may cause more serious injury on the
tissue, and the vessels may even be punctured. The length of
microneedle should be chosen based on thickness of the target
skin’s stratum corneum. Here, we use 0.5 mm microneedle for
that the skin on mice thigh is very thin.
20. The successful transfection voltage ranges from 30 V to 70 V.
Lower or higher voltage may cause infeasible or excessive
electrical stimulation on target tissue.
21. Since that the muscle cramps may be caused when the pulses
are applied on, even the mice are fully anesthetized. The legs
must be fixed very well, otherwise conditioned leg retraction
response can affect the contact between patch and skin, leading
to unsuccessful electroporation.
22. The hydrophobic pipette tips can be utilized to help evenly
smear the drug on the skin surface. Let the nucleic acid drug
covers as large area as possible.
23. In order to facilitate the contact between electro patch and skin
during electroporation procedure, soft pressing plate can be
sued to apply pressure on the backside of FIEA.
24. Alternatively, an oscilloscope is able to draw a clear pulse configuration of every electrical pulse.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2016YFA0200802),
References
1. Yang G, Zhang Y, Gu Z (2018) Punching and
electroporation for enhanced transdermal
drug delivery. Theranostics 8(13):3688–3690.
https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.27236
2. Gothelf A, Mahmood F, Dagnaes-Hansen F,
Gehl J (2011) Efficacy of transgene expression
in porcine skin as a function of electrode
choice. Bioelectrochemistry 82(2):95–102.
Transdermal Delivery of Nucleic Acid Mediated by Punching and Electroporation
111