228
T. Buckup et al.
8. W. Fuss, W.E. Schmid, S.A. Trushin, Time-resolved dissociative intense-laser field ionization for probing dynamics: femtosecond photochemical ring opening of 1, 3-cyclohexadiene.
J. Chem. Phys. 112(19), 8347–8362 (2000)
9. M. Dantus, Coherent nonlinear spectroscopy: from femtosecond dynamics to control. Annu.
Rev. Phys. Chem. 52, 639 (2001)
10. W. Wohlleben et al., Coherent control for spectroscopy and manipulation of biological dynamics. ChemPhysChem 6(5), 850–857 (2005)
11. R.W. Schoenlein et al., The 1st step in vision—femtosecond isomerization of rhodopsin. Science 254(5030), 412–415 (1991)
12. T. Polívka, V. Sundström, Ultrafast dynamics of carotenoid excited states—from solution to
natural and artificial systems. Chem. Rev. 104(4), 2021–2071 (2004)
13. D. Polli et al., Broadband pump-probe spectroscopy with sub-10-fs resolution for probing
ultrafast internal conversion and coherent phonons in carotenoids. Chem. Phys. 350(1–3), 45–
55 (2008)
14. T. Kobayashi, T. Saito, H. Ohtani, Real-time spectroscopy of transition states in bacteriorhodopsin during retinal isomerization. Nature 414(6863), 531–534 (2001)
15. A. Kahan et al., Following photoinduced dynamics in bacteriorhodopsin with 7-fs impulsive
vibrational spectroscopy. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129(3), 537–546 (2007)
16. S. Mukamel, Multidimensional femtosecond correlation spectroscopies of electronic and vibrational excitations. Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 51, 691–729 (2000)
17. W. Wohlleben et al., Multichannel carotenoid deactivation in photosynthetic light harvesting
as identified by an evolutionary target analysis. Biophys. J. 85(1), 442–450 (2003)
18. I.H.M. Vanstokkum et al., Conformational dynamics of flexibly and semirigidly bridged electron donor-acceptor systems as revealed by spectrotemporal parameterization of fluorescence.
J. Phys. Chem. 98(3), 852–866 (1994)
19. J. Oberle et al., Enhancement and subpicosecond dynamics of optical nonlinearities of excitedstates—trans-stilbene in solution. Chem. Phys. Lett. 241(4), 281–289 (1995)
20. M. Motzkus, S. Pedersen, A.H. Zewail, Femtosecond real-time probing of reactions. 19. Nonlinear (DFWM) techniques for probing transition states of uni- and bimolecular reactions.
J. Phys. Chem. 100(14), 5620–5633 (1996)
21. T. Buckup et al., Multidimensional spectroscopy of beta-carotene: vibrational cooling in the
excited state. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 483(2), 219–223 (2009)
22. J. Hauer, T. Buckup, M. Motzkus, Pump-degenerate four wave mixing as a technique for
analyzing structural and electronic evolution: multidimensional time-resolved dynamics near
a conical intersection. J. Phys. Chem. A 111(42), 10517–10529 (2007)
23. J.P. Kraack, M. Motzkus, T. Buckup, Selective nonlinear response preparation using femtosecond spectrally resolved four-wave-mixing. J. Chem. Phys. 135, 224505 (2011)
24. T. Joo, A.C. Albrecht, Electronic dephasing studies of molecules in solution at roomtemperature by femtosecond degenerate 4-wave-mixing. Chem. Phys. 176(1), 233–247
(1993)
25. T.H. Joo, A.C. Albrecht, Vibrational frequencies and dephasing times in excited electronic
states by femtosecond time-resolved 4-wave-mixing. Chem. Phys. 173(1), 17–26 (1993)
26. B.I. Grimberg et al., Ultrafast nonlinear spectroscopic techniques in the gas phase and their
density matrix representation. J. Phys. Chem. A 106(5), 697–718 (2002)
27. S. Mukamel, J.D. Biggs, Communication: Comment on the effective temporal and spectral
resolution of impulsive stimulated Raman signals. J. Chem. Phys. 134(16) (2011)
28. T. Hornung, H. Skenderovic, M. Motzkus, Observation of all-trans-beta-carotene wavepacket
motion on the electronic ground and excited dark state using degenerate four-wave mixing
(DFWM) and pump-DFWM. Chem. Phys. Lett. 402(4–6), 283–288 (2005)
29. J.P. Kraack et al., Ground- and excited-state vibrational coherence dynamics in bacteriorhodopsin probed with degenerate four-wave-mixing experiments. ChemPhysChem 12(10),
1851–1859 (2011)
30. J.P. Kraack, T. Buckup, M. Motzkus, Vibrational analysis of ground and excited electronic
states of all-trans retinal protonated Schiff-bases. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 13, 21402–21410
T. Buckup et al.
8. W. Fuss, W.E. Schmid, S.A. Trushin, Time-resolved dissociative intense-laser field ionization for probing dynamics: femtosecond photochemical ring opening of 1, 3-cyclohexadiene.
J. Chem. Phys. 112(19), 8347–8362 (2000)
9. M. Dantus, Coherent nonlinear spectroscopy: from femtosecond dynamics to control. Annu.
Rev. Phys. Chem. 52, 639 (2001)
10. W. Wohlleben et al., Coherent control for spectroscopy and manipulation of biological dynamics. ChemPhysChem 6(5), 850–857 (2005)
11. R.W. Schoenlein et al., The 1st step in vision—femtosecond isomerization of rhodopsin. Science 254(5030), 412–415 (1991)
12. T. Polívka, V. Sundström, Ultrafast dynamics of carotenoid excited states—from solution to
natural and artificial systems. Chem. Rev. 104(4), 2021–2071 (2004)
13. D. Polli et al., Broadband pump-probe spectroscopy with sub-10-fs resolution for probing
ultrafast internal conversion and coherent phonons in carotenoids. Chem. Phys. 350(1–3), 45–
55 (2008)
14. T. Kobayashi, T. Saito, H. Ohtani, Real-time spectroscopy of transition states in bacteriorhodopsin during retinal isomerization. Nature 414(6863), 531–534 (2001)
15. A. Kahan et al., Following photoinduced dynamics in bacteriorhodopsin with 7-fs impulsive
vibrational spectroscopy. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129(3), 537–546 (2007)
16. S. Mukamel, Multidimensional femtosecond correlation spectroscopies of electronic and vibrational excitations. Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 51, 691–729 (2000)
17. W. Wohlleben et al., Multichannel carotenoid deactivation in photosynthetic light harvesting
as identified by an evolutionary target analysis. Biophys. J. 85(1), 442–450 (2003)
18. I.H.M. Vanstokkum et al., Conformational dynamics of flexibly and semirigidly bridged electron donor-acceptor systems as revealed by spectrotemporal parameterization of fluorescence.
J. Phys. Chem. 98(3), 852–866 (1994)
19. J. Oberle et al., Enhancement and subpicosecond dynamics of optical nonlinearities of excitedstates—trans-stilbene in solution. Chem. Phys. Lett. 241(4), 281–289 (1995)
20. M. Motzkus, S. Pedersen, A.H. Zewail, Femtosecond real-time probing of reactions. 19. Nonlinear (DFWM) techniques for probing transition states of uni- and bimolecular reactions.
J. Phys. Chem. 100(14), 5620–5633 (1996)
21. T. Buckup et al., Multidimensional spectroscopy of beta-carotene: vibrational cooling in the
excited state. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 483(2), 219–223 (2009)
22. J. Hauer, T. Buckup, M. Motzkus, Pump-degenerate four wave mixing as a technique for
analyzing structural and electronic evolution: multidimensional time-resolved dynamics near
a conical intersection. J. Phys. Chem. A 111(42), 10517–10529 (2007)
23. J.P. Kraack, M. Motzkus, T. Buckup, Selective nonlinear response preparation using femtosecond spectrally resolved four-wave-mixing. J. Chem. Phys. 135, 224505 (2011)
24. T. Joo, A.C. Albrecht, Electronic dephasing studies of molecules in solution at roomtemperature by femtosecond degenerate 4-wave-mixing. Chem. Phys. 176(1), 233–247
(1993)
25. T.H. Joo, A.C. Albrecht, Vibrational frequencies and dephasing times in excited electronic
states by femtosecond time-resolved 4-wave-mixing. Chem. Phys. 173(1), 17–26 (1993)
26. B.I. Grimberg et al., Ultrafast nonlinear spectroscopic techniques in the gas phase and their
density matrix representation. J. Phys. Chem. A 106(5), 697–718 (2002)
27. S. Mukamel, J.D. Biggs, Communication: Comment on the effective temporal and spectral
resolution of impulsive stimulated Raman signals. J. Chem. Phys. 134(16) (2011)
28. T. Hornung, H. Skenderovic, M. Motzkus, Observation of all-trans-beta-carotene wavepacket
motion on the electronic ground and excited dark state using degenerate four-wave mixing
(DFWM) and pump-DFWM. Chem. Phys. Lett. 402(4–6), 283–288 (2005)
29. J.P. Kraack et al., Ground- and excited-state vibrational coherence dynamics in bacteriorhodopsin probed with degenerate four-wave-mixing experiments. ChemPhysChem 12(10),
1851–1859 (2011)
30. J.P. Kraack, T. Buckup, M. Motzkus, Vibrational analysis of ground and excited electronic
states of all-trans retinal protonated Schiff-bases. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 13, 21402–21410