(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
21.3
(a)
(b)
21.4
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
21.5
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
21.6
(a)
(b)
(c)
available on the shed?
How much (peak) power can be installed for system B given the peak power of the inverter and the area
available on the shed?
What is the price of a kWh of electricity generated by system A?
What is the price of a kWh of electricity generated by system B?
The Smith family are eligible for a municipal subsidy for sustainable energy that amounts to 15% of the
initial costs of the PV system. Using this subsidy, how many years does system A need to be
operational, for them to recoup their share of the investment, assuming that the electricity price of
€0.23/kWh does not change?
Using the same subsidy of 15% as the previous question, how many years would system B need to be
operational, for them to recoup their share of the investment, assuming that the electricity price of
€0.23/kWh does not change?
The Miller family want to install a grid-connected PV system on their rooftop. Until now they have been using
the grid electricity at €0.20/kWh, with an average annual consumption of around 3,000 kWh. The PV system
will cost them €4,000 in total. The system is expected to have an annual yield of 2,500 kWh.
How high will the average annual savings of the Miller family be if they install the PV system
mentioned above? You may assume that any PV-generated power sent to the grid directly offsets the
consumption of the household.
Given the initial system costs, what will be the payback period of the PV system in years, assuming the
grid costs remain the same? You may neglect inflation.
Which of the following statements is not true?
The levelized cost of electricity depends on the insolation, the cost of PV systems, the discount rate and
the cost of electricity coming from the grid at the particular location.
Grid parity is achieved when the levelized cost of electricity is equal to the electricity cost at a particular
location.
The levelized cost of electricity can be used to compare the electricity price coming from PV and from
solar thermal energy.
The achievement of grid parity depends on the insolation, the cost of PV systems, the discount rate and
the cost of electricity coming from the grid at the particular location.
Which of the following variables does not affect the economic payback period of a PV system?
Insolation received by the PV system.
Subsidies and feed-in tariffs.
Cost of electricity.
Overall lifetime of the PV system.
Consider a 250 W p rated monocrystalline PV module. It results from a manufacturing process that consumes 10
kWh/W p of energy. Assume that the PV module is used in a location with an average annual PV yield of 500
kWh. Its lifetime is 20 years.
Determine the total energy consumed during the production of the module.
Calculate the energy yield ratio of the PV module over its lifetime of 20 years.
What is the energy payback period of the PV module?
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
21.3
(a)
(b)
21.4
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
21.5
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
21.6
(a)
(b)
(c)
available on the shed?
How much (peak) power can be installed for system B given the peak power of the inverter and the area
available on the shed?
What is the price of a kWh of electricity generated by system A?
What is the price of a kWh of electricity generated by system B?
The Smith family are eligible for a municipal subsidy for sustainable energy that amounts to 15% of the
initial costs of the PV system. Using this subsidy, how many years does system A need to be
operational, for them to recoup their share of the investment, assuming that the electricity price of
€0.23/kWh does not change?
Using the same subsidy of 15% as the previous question, how many years would system B need to be
operational, for them to recoup their share of the investment, assuming that the electricity price of
€0.23/kWh does not change?
The Miller family want to install a grid-connected PV system on their rooftop. Until now they have been using
the grid electricity at €0.20/kWh, with an average annual consumption of around 3,000 kWh. The PV system
will cost them €4,000 in total. The system is expected to have an annual yield of 2,500 kWh.
How high will the average annual savings of the Miller family be if they install the PV system
mentioned above? You may assume that any PV-generated power sent to the grid directly offsets the
consumption of the household.
Given the initial system costs, what will be the payback period of the PV system in years, assuming the
grid costs remain the same? You may neglect inflation.
Which of the following statements is not true?
The levelized cost of electricity depends on the insolation, the cost of PV systems, the discount rate and
the cost of electricity coming from the grid at the particular location.
Grid parity is achieved when the levelized cost of electricity is equal to the electricity cost at a particular
location.
The levelized cost of electricity can be used to compare the electricity price coming from PV and from
solar thermal energy.
The achievement of grid parity depends on the insolation, the cost of PV systems, the discount rate and
the cost of electricity coming from the grid at the particular location.
Which of the following variables does not affect the economic payback period of a PV system?
Insolation received by the PV system.
Subsidies and feed-in tariffs.
Cost of electricity.
Overall lifetime of the PV system.
Consider a 250 W p rated monocrystalline PV module. It results from a manufacturing process that consumes 10
kWh/W p of energy. Assume that the PV module is used in a location with an average annual PV yield of 500
kWh. Its lifetime is 20 years.
Determine the total energy consumed during the production of the module.
Calculate the energy yield ratio of the PV module over its lifetime of 20 years.
What is the energy payback period of the PV module?