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the order of 2 degrees. When an electric charge is applied, all the particles
change their positions and rearrange in a certain direction, improving the
electrical properties of the material.
3. Magnetostrictive materials show a change in the strain state when a magnetic field is applied and vice versa. Similar to ferromagnetic materials, all
particles of a magnetostrictive material get aligned in accordance with the
magnetic field applied.
4. Rheological materials are normally in a liquid state but when a magnetic or
electrical field is applied, they change their physical state.
5. Thermo-responsive materials are polymers that drastically change their
physical properties when exposed to any temperature variation. They are
also called stimuli-responsive materials.
FIGURE 3.2 Categorization of smart materials on the basis of their properties.