211
multiple interactions, such as hydrogen bonding, electrostatic, and Van der Waals
interactions, between deep eutectic solvent and the target molecules. Extracted
compounds were quite stable in deep eutectic solvent (Wang et al. 2016). This
method is described by a scheme in Fig. 6.9.
Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction
This method gained much attention in recent years. It has the same principle as the
classical solid-phase microextraction, but it is mainly related to the magnetic sorbents facilitating the extraction process by applying an external magnetic field
(Oller-Ruiz et al. 2018). Furthermore, these sorbents do not necessarily need to be
packed into cartridge and can be recycled and reused; also, the centrifugation and
the filtration could be avoided (Huang et al. 2015; Xu et al. 2016a, b).
Huang et al. (2015) synthesized magnetic graphene oxide impregnated with deep
eutectic solvent (Fe 3 O 4 @GO-DES); the latter showed increased water solubility and
improved proteins extraction efficiency than graphene oxide alone. Figure 6.10
illustrates the extraction process (Huang et al. 2015).
Table 6.8 (continued)
Extraction
medium
Target compounds DES:HBA/HBD (molar ratio)
References
Vegetable
samples: basil
herb, spinach, dill,
and cucumber
barks
Manganese
Choline chloride/tartaric acid (1:1),
choline chloride/oxalic acid (1:1), and
choline chloride/citric acid (1:1)
Bağda et al.
(2017)
Sophora japonica
bud
Rutin
Choline chloride/triethylene glycol
(1:4) + 18.1% water
Peng et al.
(2018)
Shrimp shells
(Marsupenaeus
japonicus)
Chitin and chitin
films
Choline chloride/lactic acid (1:2),
choline chloride/1,4-butanediol (1:2),
choline chloride/ethylene glycol (1:2),
choline chloride/urea (1:2), choline
chloride/1,6-hexanediol (1:2), choline
chloride/glycerol (1:2), choline
chloride/oxalic acid (1:2), choline
chloride/malonic acid (1:2), choline
chloride/citric acid (1:2), choline
chloride/malic acid (1:2), choline
chloride/propylene glycol (1:2), choline
chloride/L-tartaric acid (1:2), choline
chloride/maleic anhydride (1:2), and
choline chloride/thiourea (1:2). Choline
chloride/malonic acid (1:2) was the
best extraction solvent.
Saravana
et al. (2018a,
b)
Olea europaea
Leaves
Polyphenols
Glycerol/glycine/water (7:1:3)
Athanasiadis
et al. (2018)
DES deep eutectic solvent, HBA hydrogen bond acceptor, HBD hydrogen bond donor
6 Methods for Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Plant and Animal Matter…
multiple interactions, such as hydrogen bonding, electrostatic, and Van der Waals
interactions, between deep eutectic solvent and the target molecules. Extracted
compounds were quite stable in deep eutectic solvent (Wang et al. 2016). This
method is described by a scheme in Fig. 6.9.
Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction
This method gained much attention in recent years. It has the same principle as the
classical solid-phase microextraction, but it is mainly related to the magnetic sorbents facilitating the extraction process by applying an external magnetic field
(Oller-Ruiz et al. 2018). Furthermore, these sorbents do not necessarily need to be
packed into cartridge and can be recycled and reused; also, the centrifugation and
the filtration could be avoided (Huang et al. 2015; Xu et al. 2016a, b).
Huang et al. (2015) synthesized magnetic graphene oxide impregnated with deep
eutectic solvent (Fe 3 O 4 @GO-DES); the latter showed increased water solubility and
improved proteins extraction efficiency than graphene oxide alone. Figure 6.10
illustrates the extraction process (Huang et al. 2015).
Table 6.8 (continued)
Extraction
medium
Target compounds DES:HBA/HBD (molar ratio)
References
Vegetable
samples: basil
herb, spinach, dill,
and cucumber
barks
Manganese
Choline chloride/tartaric acid (1:1),
choline chloride/oxalic acid (1:1), and
choline chloride/citric acid (1:1)
Bağda et al.
(2017)
Sophora japonica
bud
Rutin
Choline chloride/triethylene glycol
(1:4) + 18.1% water
Peng et al.
(2018)
Shrimp shells
(Marsupenaeus
japonicus)
Chitin and chitin
films
Choline chloride/lactic acid (1:2),
choline chloride/1,4-butanediol (1:2),
choline chloride/ethylene glycol (1:2),
choline chloride/urea (1:2), choline
chloride/1,6-hexanediol (1:2), choline
chloride/glycerol (1:2), choline
chloride/oxalic acid (1:2), choline
chloride/malonic acid (1:2), choline
chloride/citric acid (1:2), choline
chloride/malic acid (1:2), choline
chloride/propylene glycol (1:2), choline
chloride/L-tartaric acid (1:2), choline
chloride/maleic anhydride (1:2), and
choline chloride/thiourea (1:2). Choline
chloride/malonic acid (1:2) was the
best extraction solvent.
Saravana
et al. (2018a,
b)
Olea europaea
Leaves
Polyphenols
Glycerol/glycine/water (7:1:3)
Athanasiadis
et al. (2018)
DES deep eutectic solvent, HBA hydrogen bond acceptor, HBD hydrogen bond donor
6 Methods for Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Plant and Animal Matter…