209
time- consuming pretreatment (Mohebbi et al. 2018). Several types of sorbents are
used such as carbon nanotube, SiO 2 , C 18 , and NH 2 . However, these sorbents present
some limitations such as single adsorption mechanism and low special selectivity,
which limit their further application (Li et al. 2017). Hence, scientists are working
on the development of new selective sorbents via the applications of deep eutectic
solvent to increase their selectivity and capacity (Gan et al. 2016). All upcoming
examples of the application of solid-phase microextraction techniques with deep
eutectic solvents as extraction solvents are listed in Table 6.9.
Deep eutectic solvent-modified sorbents exhibited higher extraction efficiency
and recovery values than tested sorbents using conventional organic solvents with a
remarkable affinity and selectivity toward the target molecule; this was observed in
all presented cases.
Ball Mill-Assisted Extraction
This method was developed by Wang et al. in 2016. Compared to other extraction
methods (methanol-based ultrasound extraction and heat reflux extraction), the ball
mill-assisted extraction was faster with higher extraction capacity of “tanshinones”
and lower consumption of solvents. Also, in comparison with conventional solvents
(n-hexane, ethanol, methanol, acetonitrile, acetone, and ethyl acetate), it was demonstrated that with deep eutectic solvent (six different choline chloride-based deep
eutectic solvents), higher extraction efficiencies were obtained likely because of
Table 6.7 (continued)
Extraction
medium
Target compounds DES:HBA/HBD (molar ratio) Selected DES
References
Vanilla
pods
Vanillin
Choline chloride/malic acid/
water (1:1:6), choline
chloride/citric acid/water
(1:1:6), choline chloride/
glycerol (1:1), malic acid/
glucose/fructose/water
(1:1:1:9), citric acid/fructose/
glucose/water (1:1:1:9),
fructose/glucose/water
(1:1:6), malic acid/glucose/
water (1:1:6), betaine/
sucrose/water (2:1:6),
betaine/malic acid/glucose/
water (1:1:1:9), betaine/citric
acid/water (1:1:6), β-alanine/
citric acid/water (1:1:6),
L-serine/malic acid/water
(1:1:6), lactic acid/1,2propanediol (1:1), and lactic
acid/fructose (5:1)
González
et al.
(2018)
DES deep eutectic solvent, HBA hydrogen bond acceptor, HBD hydrogen bond donor
6 Methods for Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Plant and Animal Matter…
time- consuming pretreatment (Mohebbi et al. 2018). Several types of sorbents are
used such as carbon nanotube, SiO 2 , C 18 , and NH 2 . However, these sorbents present
some limitations such as single adsorption mechanism and low special selectivity,
which limit their further application (Li et al. 2017). Hence, scientists are working
on the development of new selective sorbents via the applications of deep eutectic
solvent to increase their selectivity and capacity (Gan et al. 2016). All upcoming
examples of the application of solid-phase microextraction techniques with deep
eutectic solvents as extraction solvents are listed in Table 6.9.
Deep eutectic solvent-modified sorbents exhibited higher extraction efficiency
and recovery values than tested sorbents using conventional organic solvents with a
remarkable affinity and selectivity toward the target molecule; this was observed in
all presented cases.
Ball Mill-Assisted Extraction
This method was developed by Wang et al. in 2016. Compared to other extraction
methods (methanol-based ultrasound extraction and heat reflux extraction), the ball
mill-assisted extraction was faster with higher extraction capacity of “tanshinones”
and lower consumption of solvents. Also, in comparison with conventional solvents
(n-hexane, ethanol, methanol, acetonitrile, acetone, and ethyl acetate), it was demonstrated that with deep eutectic solvent (six different choline chloride-based deep
eutectic solvents), higher extraction efficiencies were obtained likely because of
Table 6.7 (continued)
Extraction
medium
Target compounds DES:HBA/HBD (molar ratio) Selected DES
References
Vanilla
pods
Vanillin
Choline chloride/malic acid/
water (1:1:6), choline
chloride/citric acid/water
(1:1:6), choline chloride/
glycerol (1:1), malic acid/
glucose/fructose/water
(1:1:1:9), citric acid/fructose/
glucose/water (1:1:1:9),
fructose/glucose/water
(1:1:6), malic acid/glucose/
water (1:1:6), betaine/
sucrose/water (2:1:6),
betaine/malic acid/glucose/
water (1:1:1:9), betaine/citric
acid/water (1:1:6), β-alanine/
citric acid/water (1:1:6),
L-serine/malic acid/water
(1:1:6), lactic acid/1,2propanediol (1:1), and lactic
acid/fructose (5:1)
González
et al.
(2018)
DES deep eutectic solvent, HBA hydrogen bond acceptor, HBD hydrogen bond donor
6 Methods for Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Plant and Animal Matter…