430
E. J. Brändas
Fig. 6 Display of the quantum black hole as a universal device
i.e. a Quantum White Hole, QWH, producing a cosmological or particle horizon
more or less equivalent to the event horizon. A possible scenario is illustrated in
Fig. 6.
One of the stumbling blocks in formulating a consistent cosmological perspective of the evolving Universe refers to the attractive characteristics of gravitational
interactions. This enigma is excellently articulated by Penrose [101]. Not only does
he discuss pre-Big Bang proposals, but his main contention concerns the conundrum
related to the second law of thermodynamics and the amount of disorder introduced
by Big Bang and what happens with the passage of time. His solution is a new
testimonial, Conformal Cyclic Cosmology, CCC, employing conformal and anglepreserving diagrams by bringing in a smooth conformal geometry in relation to the
second law
72 and the entropy concept. It is not always easy to follow the Penrose
argumentation, although they, despite sometimes being called heretical, such as the
Penrose-Lucas argument, the cosmic censorship idea and the Orch OR theory, are
original, ingenious, imaginative and truly inspirational for his readers.
To demonstrate an alternative to the cosmological paradoxes above, we return
to the Zero Energy Universe Scenario, ZEUS [9]. As shown in Fig. 6, we select
the incoming degrees of freedom from the Cosmic Microwave Background, CMB,
that sweep across cosmos as a relic from the past. Note also that material particles
according to (8.17) lose their material properties at r = 2μ imparting that the QBH
singularity is protected from massive particles. The steady state character of the
non-material degrees of freedom passing the event horizon impacting the QBH by
definition prompts d S = 0. The QBH receiving the incoming flux through the particle
horizon becomes an U D(2J + 1), with d S U D = −d S Q , where d S Q acquires from
significant entropy productions, based on the ejected baryonic and leptonic matter
73
that is occupying the visible Universe. In this formulation dark energy associates
with the QBH or rather the QWH, while dark matter most likely consists of material
or non-material degrees of freedom not in the visible part of the Universe. Another
72 Penrose discusses space-like futures with massless particles calling our Universe an aeon in an
endless sequence of aeons.
73 In this formulation concepts such as Hawking radiation and the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy
have not been considered here. Whether and how they might become applicable also in a quantum
theoretical description remain a topic for the future.
E. J. Brändas
Fig. 6 Display of the quantum black hole as a universal device
i.e. a Quantum White Hole, QWH, producing a cosmological or particle horizon
more or less equivalent to the event horizon. A possible scenario is illustrated in
Fig. 6.
One of the stumbling blocks in formulating a consistent cosmological perspective of the evolving Universe refers to the attractive characteristics of gravitational
interactions. This enigma is excellently articulated by Penrose [101]. Not only does
he discuss pre-Big Bang proposals, but his main contention concerns the conundrum
related to the second law of thermodynamics and the amount of disorder introduced
by Big Bang and what happens with the passage of time. His solution is a new
testimonial, Conformal Cyclic Cosmology, CCC, employing conformal and anglepreserving diagrams by bringing in a smooth conformal geometry in relation to the
second law
72 and the entropy concept. It is not always easy to follow the Penrose
argumentation, although they, despite sometimes being called heretical, such as the
Penrose-Lucas argument, the cosmic censorship idea and the Orch OR theory, are
original, ingenious, imaginative and truly inspirational for his readers.
To demonstrate an alternative to the cosmological paradoxes above, we return
to the Zero Energy Universe Scenario, ZEUS [9]. As shown in Fig. 6, we select
the incoming degrees of freedom from the Cosmic Microwave Background, CMB,
that sweep across cosmos as a relic from the past. Note also that material particles
according to (8.17) lose their material properties at r = 2μ imparting that the QBH
singularity is protected from massive particles. The steady state character of the
non-material degrees of freedom passing the event horizon impacting the QBH by
definition prompts d S = 0. The QBH receiving the incoming flux through the particle
horizon becomes an U D(2J + 1), with d S U D = −d S Q , where d S Q acquires from
significant entropy productions, based on the ejected baryonic and leptonic matter
73
that is occupying the visible Universe. In this formulation dark energy associates
with the QBH or rather the QWH, while dark matter most likely consists of material
or non-material degrees of freedom not in the visible part of the Universe. Another
72 Penrose discusses space-like futures with massless particles calling our Universe an aeon in an
endless sequence of aeons.
73 In this formulation concepts such as Hawking radiation and the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy
have not been considered here. Whether and how they might become applicable also in a quantum
theoretical description remain a topic for the future.