Megascopic Quantum Phenomena
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necessary condition for classicality, but he left open the question if this condition is
also sufficient. We know now, that this condition is not sufficient in the framework of
the microscopic Copenhagen interpretation, but is fully sufficient after the inclusion
of megascopic irreversible processes.
This establishes also a fulfilment of Jordan’s request [134] to introduce a second complementarity to explain classicality. Megascopic chemical processes are
responsible for the decoherence of the wave function, and the classical appearance
of the silver grain on the photographic plate, discussed in Jordan’s article, ensues.
On the same basis Santilli’s “no reduction theorem” [13] paradox is explained and
Schrödinger’s cat can never be in some state of superposition: Either the irreversible
megascopic event representing the chemical reaction of the poison with the cat’s
body happens or does not, and nothing in between.
We also know that our conscious minds are all primarily connected in Jung’s collective unconscious entirely outside the external material world, explaining the legitimacy of shared knowledge of a population of communicating observers resolving
the paradox of Wigner’s friend [38].
Finally we have also discussed the paradox of the residual entropy arising in
chemistry, if physical entropy is assigned to the multitude of equivalent isomeric
molecular ground states. We have quoted two examples of residual entropy: the
first one pointed out by Pauling [148] to describe water-ice, and the second one, the
Kauzmann paradox [149], related to the liquid-glass transition with actually negative
residual entropy. One needs here to introduce a separation of the physical microscopic
entropy from the megascopic chemical one, in order to avoid violating the third law
of thermodynamics.
A microscopic, ductile to megascopic, brittle transition is analogous to a transition between microscopic normal conductivity and megascopic superconductivity
under critical temperatures. Materials that usually fracture in a brittle manner are
glasses, ceramics, and some polymers and metals. This also explains why good
superconductors are usually formed with brittle ceramics on the verge of rupture.
The most interesting result of the present work is the aspect that microscopic
quantum physics and megascopic quantum chemistry together form a two-stage
model, ontologically compatible with the two-stage model formulated by Eccles and
Popper [60], which unifies nature’s laws of the material world of biology with the
mind world of psychology. One can now perform a unification of this two-stage
model that embraces the realm of inanimate nature, the realm of animate nature, and
the realm of psychology.
Moreover, we have revealed the crosswise-law mirrors that follow directly from
the two-stage model formulated by Eccles and Popper, namely the reflections of
microscopic quantum physical laws in the collective unconscious and the reflections
of megascopic quantum chemical laws in the observer’s conscious mind, the latter in
a form sustaining his free will decisions. The crosswise-law mirrors have a tremendous impact on our choice of a correct consistent interpretation of quantum theory,
disqualifying all “objective” interpretations. Basically, matter-mind dualism cannot
be removed and replaced by materialistic monism. Megascopic quantum chemistry
adds “unconscious” measurements to the “conscious” ones known from microscopic
387
necessary condition for classicality, but he left open the question if this condition is
also sufficient. We know now, that this condition is not sufficient in the framework of
the microscopic Copenhagen interpretation, but is fully sufficient after the inclusion
of megascopic irreversible processes.
This establishes also a fulfilment of Jordan’s request [134] to introduce a second complementarity to explain classicality. Megascopic chemical processes are
responsible for the decoherence of the wave function, and the classical appearance
of the silver grain on the photographic plate, discussed in Jordan’s article, ensues.
On the same basis Santilli’s “no reduction theorem” [13] paradox is explained and
Schrödinger’s cat can never be in some state of superposition: Either the irreversible
megascopic event representing the chemical reaction of the poison with the cat’s
body happens or does not, and nothing in between.
We also know that our conscious minds are all primarily connected in Jung’s collective unconscious entirely outside the external material world, explaining the legitimacy of shared knowledge of a population of communicating observers resolving
the paradox of Wigner’s friend [38].
Finally we have also discussed the paradox of the residual entropy arising in
chemistry, if physical entropy is assigned to the multitude of equivalent isomeric
molecular ground states. We have quoted two examples of residual entropy: the
first one pointed out by Pauling [148] to describe water-ice, and the second one, the
Kauzmann paradox [149], related to the liquid-glass transition with actually negative
residual entropy. One needs here to introduce a separation of the physical microscopic
entropy from the megascopic chemical one, in order to avoid violating the third law
of thermodynamics.
A microscopic, ductile to megascopic, brittle transition is analogous to a transition between microscopic normal conductivity and megascopic superconductivity
under critical temperatures. Materials that usually fracture in a brittle manner are
glasses, ceramics, and some polymers and metals. This also explains why good
superconductors are usually formed with brittle ceramics on the verge of rupture.
The most interesting result of the present work is the aspect that microscopic
quantum physics and megascopic quantum chemistry together form a two-stage
model, ontologically compatible with the two-stage model formulated by Eccles and
Popper [60], which unifies nature’s laws of the material world of biology with the
mind world of psychology. One can now perform a unification of this two-stage
model that embraces the realm of inanimate nature, the realm of animate nature, and
the realm of psychology.
Moreover, we have revealed the crosswise-law mirrors that follow directly from
the two-stage model formulated by Eccles and Popper, namely the reflections of
microscopic quantum physical laws in the collective unconscious and the reflections
of megascopic quantum chemical laws in the observer’s conscious mind, the latter in
a form sustaining his free will decisions. The crosswise-law mirrors have a tremendous impact on our choice of a correct consistent interpretation of quantum theory,
disqualifying all “objective” interpretations. Basically, matter-mind dualism cannot
be removed and replaced by materialistic monism. Megascopic quantum chemistry
adds “unconscious” measurements to the “conscious” ones known from microscopic