Megascopic Quantum Phenomena
383
classical SSB, i.e. the Mexican hat, to quantum equations, the J-T effect, superconductivity or the Higgs mechanism becomes a mismatch. Quantum equations, based
on a classical SSB, lead to paradoxical situations. With reference to SSB, the scientific community is again divided, i.e. whether SSB here is really present or not. We
have, in this work, discussed the arguments both for and against in connection with
the J-T effect, superconductivity, the Higgs mechanism and ferromagnetism.
From the addition of the lost Goldstone bosons, rotons and translons, found to be
fully responsible for the mechanism of forming quantum states with spontaneously
broken symmetries, it follows that the spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB), only
described phenomenologically at the level of classical physics, becomes misinterpreted on the quantum level, where every physical system can be described dually,
either as a mechanical system or as a field theoretical system, in accordance with
Weinberg’s statement (repeated again) [126]: “If it turned out that some physical
system could not be described by a quantum field theory, it would be a sensation; if
it turned out that the system did not obey the rules of quantum mechanics and relativity, it would be a cataclysm.” For molecules and solids treated equivalently, we
have presented true quantum field solutions fully respecting the Goldstone theorem.
In a previous paper [109] I introduced the notion of property-object dualism: in
quantum mechanics, nuclei and electrons represent objects, and vibrational modes
are their common property. In quantum field objects, however, they are represented
by electrons and Goldstone bosons, and the “nuclear“ positions or “clamped nuclei”
are properties of the pertinent field equations. We are now in a similar situation, with
the description of the whole many-body system, as one was a century ago regarding
the different aspects of a mechanical formulation and a field theory description of
elementary entities that finally led to Bohr’s complementarity. Obviously one needs
a second type of Bohr complementarity on the many-body level as was already
requested a long time ago by one of the co-founders of quantum mechanics, Jordan
[134], even though, from a different reason, the Copenhagen interpretation based on
the first Bohr complementarity, cannot explain classicality as an emergent property.
Linking Sutcliffe’s and Woolley’s [4] problem of transitions between an isolated
and the individual systems with Bohm’s [15] question of fragmentation and wholeness, implies that the second complementarity, embracing the whole Universe, is
the megascopic mirror of the first Bohr microscopic complementarity. We have just
touched upon an ancient knowledge, presenting the Universe as a mosaic where the
smallest one resembles the Greatest One. We need to postulate a new axiom that is
necessary for the justification of the quantum jumps of the Universe from its state of
total wholeness to its total fragmented states and vice versa. This request certainly
goes beyond the scope of the Copenhagen interpretation. It neither contradicts nor
denies this interpretation, but rather appears to be its natural extension.
While microscopic processes are causal, megascopic phenomena are teleological. Teleology as the final cause can then be comprehended as downward causality,
descending from the Greatest One—the whole Universe, in contrast to upward causality, ascending from the smallest entities, the elementary particles. The first complementarity represents the causal microscopic relationship between the mechanical and
383
classical SSB, i.e. the Mexican hat, to quantum equations, the J-T effect, superconductivity or the Higgs mechanism becomes a mismatch. Quantum equations, based
on a classical SSB, lead to paradoxical situations. With reference to SSB, the scientific community is again divided, i.e. whether SSB here is really present or not. We
have, in this work, discussed the arguments both for and against in connection with
the J-T effect, superconductivity, the Higgs mechanism and ferromagnetism.
From the addition of the lost Goldstone bosons, rotons and translons, found to be
fully responsible for the mechanism of forming quantum states with spontaneously
broken symmetries, it follows that the spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB), only
described phenomenologically at the level of classical physics, becomes misinterpreted on the quantum level, where every physical system can be described dually,
either as a mechanical system or as a field theoretical system, in accordance with
Weinberg’s statement (repeated again) [126]: “If it turned out that some physical
system could not be described by a quantum field theory, it would be a sensation; if
it turned out that the system did not obey the rules of quantum mechanics and relativity, it would be a cataclysm.” For molecules and solids treated equivalently, we
have presented true quantum field solutions fully respecting the Goldstone theorem.
In a previous paper [109] I introduced the notion of property-object dualism: in
quantum mechanics, nuclei and electrons represent objects, and vibrational modes
are their common property. In quantum field objects, however, they are represented
by electrons and Goldstone bosons, and the “nuclear“ positions or “clamped nuclei”
are properties of the pertinent field equations. We are now in a similar situation, with
the description of the whole many-body system, as one was a century ago regarding
the different aspects of a mechanical formulation and a field theory description of
elementary entities that finally led to Bohr’s complementarity. Obviously one needs
a second type of Bohr complementarity on the many-body level as was already
requested a long time ago by one of the co-founders of quantum mechanics, Jordan
[134], even though, from a different reason, the Copenhagen interpretation based on
the first Bohr complementarity, cannot explain classicality as an emergent property.
Linking Sutcliffe’s and Woolley’s [4] problem of transitions between an isolated
and the individual systems with Bohm’s [15] question of fragmentation and wholeness, implies that the second complementarity, embracing the whole Universe, is
the megascopic mirror of the first Bohr microscopic complementarity. We have just
touched upon an ancient knowledge, presenting the Universe as a mosaic where the
smallest one resembles the Greatest One. We need to postulate a new axiom that is
necessary for the justification of the quantum jumps of the Universe from its state of
total wholeness to its total fragmented states and vice versa. This request certainly
goes beyond the scope of the Copenhagen interpretation. It neither contradicts nor
denies this interpretation, but rather appears to be its natural extension.
While microscopic processes are causal, megascopic phenomena are teleological. Teleology as the final cause can then be comprehended as downward causality,
descending from the Greatest One—the whole Universe, in contrast to upward causality, ascending from the smallest entities, the elementary particles. The first complementarity represents the causal microscopic relationship between the mechanical and