347
Abbreviations
CPMAS Cross-polarization magic angle spinning with dipolar decoupling
ECP
Cyclodextrin-epichlorohydrin polymers
HRMAS High-resolution magic angle spinning
NMR
Nuclear magnetic resonance
8.1 Introduction
In 1990, I was a young student in organic chemistry and macromolecular chemistry
at the Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Macromoléculaire (University of Lille
1, France) under the supervision of Professor Michel Morcellet.
In the same year, a French company (Roquette Frères, Lestrem) asked Morcellet’s
group to produce a series of cross-linked cyclodextrin gels using epichlorohydrin as
cross-linking agent for applications in chromatography at industrial scale. The main
objective was to verify if the polymer cyclodextrins were suitable chromatographic
supports for gel inclusion chromatography, e.g., for the separation of caffeine, phenylalanine, naphthols and derivatives, benzaldehyde, nucleic acids, etc. This project
was also carried out in collaboration with Professor Yahya Lekchiri of the University
of Mohamed 1st, Oujda (Morocco).
Our first approach was to review the literature, an activity that we have been
doing continuously since then (Crini et al. 2001; Crini and Morcellet 2002; Crini
2005a, 2006, 2014, 2015a, b; Badot et al. 2007; Sancey and Crini 2012; MorinCrini and Crini 2013; Euvrard et al. 2015; Fourmentin et al. 2015; Crini et al. 2018a,
b, 2019a; Morin-Crini et al. 2018a, b, 2019a). In 2002, we published a first comprehensive review on the synthesis, characterization, and applications of cross-linked
cyclodextrin-based materials (Crini and Morcellet 2002). This review was updated
11 years later (Morin-Crini and Crini 2013).
Then we started working on the synthesis of water-insoluble cyclodextrin-based
materials, thanks to industrial and European grants. With the first results obtained, I
supported a Master of Science in Organic Chemistry in 1990, a Master of Science
in Macromolecular Chemistry in 1992, and then a PhD in Organic Chemistry and
Macromolecular Chemistry in 1995 (Crini 1995).
In 1994, my interest extended to solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
characterization of these cyclodextrin polymers with a 1-year visit to the NMR
Department of the G. Ronzoni Institute for Chemical and Biochemical Research
(Milan, Italy), invited by the Research Director Giangiacomo Torri. Interesting
results have been obtained both from the point of view of synthesis and characterization and applications in chromatography and oil removal and petroleum industry
(Crini et al. 1995a, b, 1996, 1998a, b; Shao et al. 1996; Vecchi et al. 1998). However,
for several reasons, such as the variability of polymer characteristics, the difficulty
of producing materials with the same cross-linking density, lack of porosity, lack of
reproducibility of the chromatographic results, etc., the industrial project initiated in
8 Water-Insoluble Cyclodextrin-Epichlorohydrin Polymers
Abbreviations
CPMAS Cross-polarization magic angle spinning with dipolar decoupling
ECP
Cyclodextrin-epichlorohydrin polymers
HRMAS High-resolution magic angle spinning
NMR
Nuclear magnetic resonance
8.1 Introduction
In 1990, I was a young student in organic chemistry and macromolecular chemistry
at the Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Macromoléculaire (University of Lille
1, France) under the supervision of Professor Michel Morcellet.
In the same year, a French company (Roquette Frères, Lestrem) asked Morcellet’s
group to produce a series of cross-linked cyclodextrin gels using epichlorohydrin as
cross-linking agent for applications in chromatography at industrial scale. The main
objective was to verify if the polymer cyclodextrins were suitable chromatographic
supports for gel inclusion chromatography, e.g., for the separation of caffeine, phenylalanine, naphthols and derivatives, benzaldehyde, nucleic acids, etc. This project
was also carried out in collaboration with Professor Yahya Lekchiri of the University
of Mohamed 1st, Oujda (Morocco).
Our first approach was to review the literature, an activity that we have been
doing continuously since then (Crini et al. 2001; Crini and Morcellet 2002; Crini
2005a, 2006, 2014, 2015a, b; Badot et al. 2007; Sancey and Crini 2012; MorinCrini and Crini 2013; Euvrard et al. 2015; Fourmentin et al. 2015; Crini et al. 2018a,
b, 2019a; Morin-Crini et al. 2018a, b, 2019a). In 2002, we published a first comprehensive review on the synthesis, characterization, and applications of cross-linked
cyclodextrin-based materials (Crini and Morcellet 2002). This review was updated
11 years later (Morin-Crini and Crini 2013).
Then we started working on the synthesis of water-insoluble cyclodextrin-based
materials, thanks to industrial and European grants. With the first results obtained, I
supported a Master of Science in Organic Chemistry in 1990, a Master of Science
in Macromolecular Chemistry in 1992, and then a PhD in Organic Chemistry and
Macromolecular Chemistry in 1995 (Crini 1995).
In 1994, my interest extended to solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
characterization of these cyclodextrin polymers with a 1-year visit to the NMR
Department of the G. Ronzoni Institute for Chemical and Biochemical Research
(Milan, Italy), invited by the Research Director Giangiacomo Torri. Interesting
results have been obtained both from the point of view of synthesis and characterization and applications in chromatography and oil removal and petroleum industry
(Crini et al. 1995a, b, 1996, 1998a, b; Shao et al. 1996; Vecchi et al. 1998). However,
for several reasons, such as the variability of polymer characteristics, the difficulty
of producing materials with the same cross-linking density, lack of porosity, lack of
reproducibility of the chromatographic results, etc., the industrial project initiated in
8 Water-Insoluble Cyclodextrin-Epichlorohydrin Polymers