328
(2011) synthesized antibacterial water-soluble, silver nanoparticles encapsulated in
β-cyclodextrin. The β-cyclodextrin-encapsulated silver nanoparticle revealed
remarkable stability and antimicrobial effect when tested in vitro against
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. One year later, the same
researcher’s group synthesized silver nanoparticles by reducing silver acetate with
a long-chain aliphatic amine stabilized with β-cyclodextrin. This formulation
revealed significant results when evaluated for antifungal activity against various
human pathogens such as Aspergillus fumigatus, Mucor, and Chrysosporium
species.
Gannimani et al. (2016) coupled the antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles and hydrophobic drug carrier characteristic of cyclodextrin to fabricate supramolecules to provide cutting edge for antibacterial efficacy of chloramphenicol.
Likewise, Gaurav et al. (2015) exploited an interesting mechanistic feature of metal
nanoparticles for multiple therapeutic targets. They utilized β-cyclodextrin to solubilize clotrimazole, an antifungal agent, and then attach to albumin-stabilized silver
nanoparticles; here albumin facilitates to reduce the interaction between the silver
nanoparticles and the cyclodextrin-clotrimazole complex. These hybrid nanoparticles exerted a synergistic effect when evaluated for antifungal activity against candida yeast cells. β-Cyclodextrin-capped silver nanoparticles also have a notable
contribution to cytotoxic therapeutic applications. Jaiswal et al. (2015) proved the
ability of β-cyclodextrin silver nanoparticles to regulate biofilm growth and lessen
the cytotoxic effect. The cytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles in human HaCat skin
cells was eliminated due to the shielding capping of β-cyclodextrin. These nanoparticles particularly target cancerous cells and bypass uptake in normal cells. Zhai
et al. (2017) reported the formulation and therapeutic application of biocompatible
nanoparticles for the examination of the uptake of nanoparticles into viable cells in
a microfluidic chip by utilizing surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, which modified the surface of β-cyclodextrin-capped silver nanoparticles using para-amino
thiophenol and folic acid. The para-amino thiophenol molecules serve as the Raman
reporter, while the folic acid fragments have a high proclivity for folate receptors
that are overexpressed on the surface cancerous cells so that the nanoparticles can
penetrate the cells and be observed by the Raman reporter.
Like gold nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles represent valuable attributes such as
high functionalization and good catalytic activity, which make them suitable for
biosensor applications. Therefore, with an aim to explore this characteristic of silver
nanoparticles, Gao et al. (2015) developed a novel sandwich-type electrochemical
immunosensor based on host-guest interaction for the detection of alpha-fetoprotein
(a protein made in the liver of a developing baby). The developed immunosensor
displays a wide linear calibration range from 0.001 to 5.0 ng/mL with a low detection limit (0.2 pg/mL) for the detection of alpha-fetoprotein. This method has a
large-scale application promise in the clinical domain. Hui et al. (2015) explored
β-cyclodextrin as a reducing agent between silver nitrate and graphene oxide in a
guanine and adenine biosensor. In this study, β-cyclodextrin acts as a stabilizer as
well as a dispersant for the silver nanoparticles and graphene oxide. This property
A. Pandey
(2011) synthesized antibacterial water-soluble, silver nanoparticles encapsulated in
β-cyclodextrin. The β-cyclodextrin-encapsulated silver nanoparticle revealed
remarkable stability and antimicrobial effect when tested in vitro against
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. One year later, the same
researcher’s group synthesized silver nanoparticles by reducing silver acetate with
a long-chain aliphatic amine stabilized with β-cyclodextrin. This formulation
revealed significant results when evaluated for antifungal activity against various
human pathogens such as Aspergillus fumigatus, Mucor, and Chrysosporium
species.
Gannimani et al. (2016) coupled the antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles and hydrophobic drug carrier characteristic of cyclodextrin to fabricate supramolecules to provide cutting edge for antibacterial efficacy of chloramphenicol.
Likewise, Gaurav et al. (2015) exploited an interesting mechanistic feature of metal
nanoparticles for multiple therapeutic targets. They utilized β-cyclodextrin to solubilize clotrimazole, an antifungal agent, and then attach to albumin-stabilized silver
nanoparticles; here albumin facilitates to reduce the interaction between the silver
nanoparticles and the cyclodextrin-clotrimazole complex. These hybrid nanoparticles exerted a synergistic effect when evaluated for antifungal activity against candida yeast cells. β-Cyclodextrin-capped silver nanoparticles also have a notable
contribution to cytotoxic therapeutic applications. Jaiswal et al. (2015) proved the
ability of β-cyclodextrin silver nanoparticles to regulate biofilm growth and lessen
the cytotoxic effect. The cytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles in human HaCat skin
cells was eliminated due to the shielding capping of β-cyclodextrin. These nanoparticles particularly target cancerous cells and bypass uptake in normal cells. Zhai
et al. (2017) reported the formulation and therapeutic application of biocompatible
nanoparticles for the examination of the uptake of nanoparticles into viable cells in
a microfluidic chip by utilizing surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, which modified the surface of β-cyclodextrin-capped silver nanoparticles using para-amino
thiophenol and folic acid. The para-amino thiophenol molecules serve as the Raman
reporter, while the folic acid fragments have a high proclivity for folate receptors
that are overexpressed on the surface cancerous cells so that the nanoparticles can
penetrate the cells and be observed by the Raman reporter.
Like gold nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles represent valuable attributes such as
high functionalization and good catalytic activity, which make them suitable for
biosensor applications. Therefore, with an aim to explore this characteristic of silver
nanoparticles, Gao et al. (2015) developed a novel sandwich-type electrochemical
immunosensor based on host-guest interaction for the detection of alpha-fetoprotein
(a protein made in the liver of a developing baby). The developed immunosensor
displays a wide linear calibration range from 0.001 to 5.0 ng/mL with a low detection limit (0.2 pg/mL) for the detection of alpha-fetoprotein. This method has a
large-scale application promise in the clinical domain. Hui et al. (2015) explored
β-cyclodextrin as a reducing agent between silver nitrate and graphene oxide in a
guanine and adenine biosensor. In this study, β-cyclodextrin acts as a stabilizer as
well as a dispersant for the silver nanoparticles and graphene oxide. This property
A. Pandey