315
nanoparticles to prevent their oxidation which leads to demagnetization which subsequently maintains the stability of magnetic nanoparticles.
Furthermore, to explore the versatility of magnetic nanoparticles, cyclodextrins
are added into the silica-coated surface of the magnetic nanoparticles via linkers
such as 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. Thus, allowing cyclodextrin to function as a
carrier for numerous active pharmaceutical ingredients, proteins, and cell-targeting
ligands on the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles. Moreover, it also prevents
premature drug release into non-target regions. Wang et al. (2003) first proved the
role of cyclodextrin to enhance the stability of magnetic nanoparticles in an aqueous
medium. They have modified the surface properties of these nanoparticles through
the formation of an inclusion complex between surface-bound surfactant molecules
and α-cyclodextrin, thus improving its dispersion for a longer period in water.
Furthermore, Xia et al. (2007) reported a simple pathway to synthesize watersoluble Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles with a surface-surrounded layer by incorporating cyclodextrin, polyethylene glycol, and nonylphenol ether in water. Additionally, a method
for fabricating cyclodextrin concentration-dependent nanostructured spherical
aggregates from individual magnetic nanoparticles was also described. This method
is very significant because it instantly produces water-soluble magnetic nanoparticles and is useful for biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles.
To investigate the efficiency of cyclodextrin-based magnetic nanoparticles as a
carrier for hydrophobic drug delivery, Banerjee and Chen (2007) have developed
cyclodextrin-citrate-gum Arabic modified magnetic nanoparticles. Briefly, magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized by grafting the citrate-modified cyclodextrin
along with gum Arabic modified magnetic nanoparticles through carbodiimide activation. The cyclodextrin grafting was validated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The practicability of using this novel formulation as a vehicle for
hydrophobic drug delivery was described by examining the formation of the inclusion complex and the in vitro release profile using ketoprofen as standard hydrophobic drug delivery. The results of the experimental study showed that
cyclodextrin-citrate-gum Arabic modified magnetic nanoparticles exhibited a considerable adsorption capability for ketoprofen as compared to gum Arabic modified
magnetic nanoparticles. Therefore, this system seems to be a very promising vehicle
for the administration of hydrophobic drugs.
A decade later, Chen et al. (2017) have amalgamated double-layer polymercoated magnetic targeted nanoparticles (coated with β-cyclodextrin and polymer
chitosan) to ensure stability and biocompatibility of the nanoparticles and effective
drug delivery of ibuprofen, a hydrophobic drug delivery. They noted that nanocarriers exhibited sufficient magnetic properties, high drug loading capacity, and significant in vitro drug release. In conclusion, the cyclodextrin chitosan-coated magnetic
nanoparticles represent a promising nanocarrier for the delivery of hydrophobic
drugs. Recently, the same authors have proposed a new approach for the production
of β-cyclodextrin-based magnetic nanocarriers via a molecular docking technique.
Fe 3 O 4 magnetic nanoparticles surface-modified with β-cyclodextrin and its derivatives, carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin, and maleated-β-cyclodextrin, respectively,
were manufactured via a layer-by-layer approach, incorporating carmofur, an
7 Role of Cyclodextrins in Nanoparticle-Based Systems for Drug Delivery
nanoparticles to prevent their oxidation which leads to demagnetization which subsequently maintains the stability of magnetic nanoparticles.
Furthermore, to explore the versatility of magnetic nanoparticles, cyclodextrins
are added into the silica-coated surface of the magnetic nanoparticles via linkers
such as 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. Thus, allowing cyclodextrin to function as a
carrier for numerous active pharmaceutical ingredients, proteins, and cell-targeting
ligands on the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles. Moreover, it also prevents
premature drug release into non-target regions. Wang et al. (2003) first proved the
role of cyclodextrin to enhance the stability of magnetic nanoparticles in an aqueous
medium. They have modified the surface properties of these nanoparticles through
the formation of an inclusion complex between surface-bound surfactant molecules
and α-cyclodextrin, thus improving its dispersion for a longer period in water.
Furthermore, Xia et al. (2007) reported a simple pathway to synthesize watersoluble Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles with a surface-surrounded layer by incorporating cyclodextrin, polyethylene glycol, and nonylphenol ether in water. Additionally, a method
for fabricating cyclodextrin concentration-dependent nanostructured spherical
aggregates from individual magnetic nanoparticles was also described. This method
is very significant because it instantly produces water-soluble magnetic nanoparticles and is useful for biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles.
To investigate the efficiency of cyclodextrin-based magnetic nanoparticles as a
carrier for hydrophobic drug delivery, Banerjee and Chen (2007) have developed
cyclodextrin-citrate-gum Arabic modified magnetic nanoparticles. Briefly, magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized by grafting the citrate-modified cyclodextrin
along with gum Arabic modified magnetic nanoparticles through carbodiimide activation. The cyclodextrin grafting was validated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The practicability of using this novel formulation as a vehicle for
hydrophobic drug delivery was described by examining the formation of the inclusion complex and the in vitro release profile using ketoprofen as standard hydrophobic drug delivery. The results of the experimental study showed that
cyclodextrin-citrate-gum Arabic modified magnetic nanoparticles exhibited a considerable adsorption capability for ketoprofen as compared to gum Arabic modified
magnetic nanoparticles. Therefore, this system seems to be a very promising vehicle
for the administration of hydrophobic drugs.
A decade later, Chen et al. (2017) have amalgamated double-layer polymercoated magnetic targeted nanoparticles (coated with β-cyclodextrin and polymer
chitosan) to ensure stability and biocompatibility of the nanoparticles and effective
drug delivery of ibuprofen, a hydrophobic drug delivery. They noted that nanocarriers exhibited sufficient magnetic properties, high drug loading capacity, and significant in vitro drug release. In conclusion, the cyclodextrin chitosan-coated magnetic
nanoparticles represent a promising nanocarrier for the delivery of hydrophobic
drugs. Recently, the same authors have proposed a new approach for the production
of β-cyclodextrin-based magnetic nanocarriers via a molecular docking technique.
Fe 3 O 4 magnetic nanoparticles surface-modified with β-cyclodextrin and its derivatives, carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin, and maleated-β-cyclodextrin, respectively,
were manufactured via a layer-by-layer approach, incorporating carmofur, an
7 Role of Cyclodextrins in Nanoparticle-Based Systems for Drug Delivery