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penetration with limited stability; the inclusion of cyclodextrins as a key excipient
can aid in the delivery of oligonucleotides.
Accordingly, in light of these facts, Méndez-Ardoy et al. (2011) developed and
evaluated polycationic amphiphilic cyclodextrins along with nucleic acids as therapeutic gene vectors for in vivo purpose. Briefly, a tetradecacationic structure consisting of 14 primary amino groups and 7 thioureido groups in the primary face of
the cyclodextrin core and 14 hexanoyl chains in the second face was assessed for
therapeutic gene delivery. The results obtained delineate that polycationic amphiphilic cyclodextrins having the capacities of self-assembling as a nanosystem for
gene delivery, and when evaluated on HeLa and HepG2 cells, exhibited significant
cell death with reduced toxicity. Furthermore, in vivo experiments performed on
rats correlated with previous results that revealed high transfection levels in the liver
with reduced toxicity. Usually, acquired resistance to a cytotoxic agent is mediated
by overexpression of a membrane-associated protein that encodes via multidrug
resistance gene-1.
Zokaei et al. (2019) recently developed chitosan β-cyclodextrin complexes as a
tropical agent. These polymer cyclodextrin complexes loaded with the mRNAcleaving DNAzyme that targets the mRNA of the multidrug resistance protein 1
(MDR1) gene in the doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer cell line. Results proved the
downregulation of MDR1 mRNAs in MCF-7/DR/DNZ by a real-time polymer
chain reaction, compared to the MCF-7/DR as control. Additionally, the results of
the water-soluble tetrazolium salt 1 (WST1) assay displayed a significant decrease
in drug resistance in mRNA-cleaving DNAzyme-treated cells 24 h after transfection. To sum up, results substantiate chitosan β-cyclodextrin complexes in association with chemotherapy drug for cancer therapy as well as notably valuable at the
delivery of DNAzyme in reviving chemosensitivity.
7.4 Role of Cyclodextrin in Magnetic Nanoparticles
The most common class of substances used in the fabrication of theranostic nanostructures is carbon nanotubes, graphene, up-converting nanoparticles, and gold
nanostructures. Nevertheless, the issue of nanotoxicity, complicated and timeconsuming synthetic procedures, and poor stability represents the main obstacles
for the therapeutic application of these nanomaterials. Therefore, magnetic nanoparticles offer several advantages over other types of nanomaterials, such as narrow
size distribution, high colloidal stability, low toxicity, and high specific surface area
to render them suitable for biomedical applications (Ahmed et al. 2014). Additionally,
magnetic nanoparticles displayed the phenomenon of superparamagnetism: they are
promptly magnetized under the influence of the external magnetic field and vice
versa. This unique characteristic facilitates easy magnetic separation, removal, and
recovery of magnetic nanoparticles. The before-mentioned magnetic property
allows the nanoparticles to localize at the targeted site in vivo in response to the
externally applied magnetic field. Silica is generally added to the surface of the
A. Pandey
penetration with limited stability; the inclusion of cyclodextrins as a key excipient
can aid in the delivery of oligonucleotides.
Accordingly, in light of these facts, Méndez-Ardoy et al. (2011) developed and
evaluated polycationic amphiphilic cyclodextrins along with nucleic acids as therapeutic gene vectors for in vivo purpose. Briefly, a tetradecacationic structure consisting of 14 primary amino groups and 7 thioureido groups in the primary face of
the cyclodextrin core and 14 hexanoyl chains in the second face was assessed for
therapeutic gene delivery. The results obtained delineate that polycationic amphiphilic cyclodextrins having the capacities of self-assembling as a nanosystem for
gene delivery, and when evaluated on HeLa and HepG2 cells, exhibited significant
cell death with reduced toxicity. Furthermore, in vivo experiments performed on
rats correlated with previous results that revealed high transfection levels in the liver
with reduced toxicity. Usually, acquired resistance to a cytotoxic agent is mediated
by overexpression of a membrane-associated protein that encodes via multidrug
resistance gene-1.
Zokaei et al. (2019) recently developed chitosan β-cyclodextrin complexes as a
tropical agent. These polymer cyclodextrin complexes loaded with the mRNAcleaving DNAzyme that targets the mRNA of the multidrug resistance protein 1
(MDR1) gene in the doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer cell line. Results proved the
downregulation of MDR1 mRNAs in MCF-7/DR/DNZ by a real-time polymer
chain reaction, compared to the MCF-7/DR as control. Additionally, the results of
the water-soluble tetrazolium salt 1 (WST1) assay displayed a significant decrease
in drug resistance in mRNA-cleaving DNAzyme-treated cells 24 h after transfection. To sum up, results substantiate chitosan β-cyclodextrin complexes in association with chemotherapy drug for cancer therapy as well as notably valuable at the
delivery of DNAzyme in reviving chemosensitivity.
7.4 Role of Cyclodextrin in Magnetic Nanoparticles
The most common class of substances used in the fabrication of theranostic nanostructures is carbon nanotubes, graphene, up-converting nanoparticles, and gold
nanostructures. Nevertheless, the issue of nanotoxicity, complicated and timeconsuming synthetic procedures, and poor stability represents the main obstacles
for the therapeutic application of these nanomaterials. Therefore, magnetic nanoparticles offer several advantages over other types of nanomaterials, such as narrow
size distribution, high colloidal stability, low toxicity, and high specific surface area
to render them suitable for biomedical applications (Ahmed et al. 2014). Additionally,
magnetic nanoparticles displayed the phenomenon of superparamagnetism: they are
promptly magnetized under the influence of the external magnetic field and vice
versa. This unique characteristic facilitates easy magnetic separation, removal, and
recovery of magnetic nanoparticles. The before-mentioned magnetic property
allows the nanoparticles to localize at the targeted site in vivo in response to the
externally applied magnetic field. Silica is generally added to the surface of the
A. Pandey