295
networks can also be used to develop new selective and synergistic sorption capacities for specific purposes such as a combined drug release (Fujiyoshi et al. 2019).
A remarkable pH-responsive behavior can be achieved using acrylic acid containing polymers. Thus, highly hydrophilic pH-sensitive networks which load large
amounts of hydrophobic drugs with sustained release capabilities were prepared over
10 years ago by the copolymerization of cyclodextrin with acrylic monomers
(Siemoneit et al. 2006). Other examples have been reported in the recent literature:
highly pH-dependent swelling in graft cyclodextrin/acrylic acid copolymers for the
delivery of ketoprofen (Wang et al. 2009) or mucoadhesive hydrogels by the crosslinking of poly(acrylic acid) with cyclodextrins for the controlled release of diflunisal
and fluconazole (Kutyła et al. 2013). A biocompatible system based on guar gum,
poly(acrylic acid) and β-cyclodextrin using a nontoxic cross-linker, and tetraethyl
orthosilicate, for intestinal delivery of dexamethasone, has also been reported (Das
and Subuddhi 2015).
In the last decade, triple-response (pH, temperature, and glucose) semiinterpenetrated hydrogels were prepared by polymerization in the presence of the
magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) nanoparticles, a cyclodextrin-epichlorohydrin polymer, and a
cross-linker (Huang et al. 2012). These targeting hydrogels could control the release
of quercetin by adjusting both the pH value and glucose concentration of the release
media. More recently, a carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin polymer was grafted on the
surface of chitosan-coated magnetite NPs by an emulsion chemical cross-linking
method (Ding et al. 2015). The loading and release of 5-fluorouracil from these magnetic composites showed that these were promising targeted anticancer drug carriers
for tumor therapies.
Finally, cyclodextrin polymers have also recently found applications in the field
of regenerative medicine (Alvarez-Lorenzo et al. 2017). Bone and cartilage diseases
are each day more challenging because of the increasing number of people affected.
Vascular polyester and polyamide prostheses can be coated with grafted cyclodextrins that can be loaded with an antibiotic in order to reduce the risk of postoperative
infections (Blanchemain et al. 2005). Polyvinylidene difluoride membranes can
also be grafted with cyclodextrins to improve the capture and subsequent release of
antiseptic agents (Tabary et al. 2007). Polyamide inguinal meshes (El Ghoul et al.
2008) or polypropylene abdominal wall implants for the prolonged delivery of ciprofloxacin (Laurent et al. 2011) have been prepared using citric acid as a crosslinker. Hydroxyapatite used in bone implants can also be functionalized with a
cyclodextrin polymer for loading antibiotics (Hoang Thi et al. 2010; Taha et al.
2014). Recently, injectable hydrogels of polyelectrolyte complexes between chitosan and cyclodextrin polymers (both soluble and insoluble) have been rheologically
tested to select those with a better performance in biomedical applications
(Palomino-Durand et al. 2019).
As in the case of “monomeric” (both natural and derivative) cyclodextrins, an
increasing number of publications can be found in the recent literature concerning
cyclodextrin polymers. As Table 6.1 shows, many reviews have been published in
the last 5 years, and the interested reader is referred to them to acquire a better idea
of the goals this field of research is heading and the paths, or approaches, taken. In
6 Cyclodextrin-Based Polymers for Food and Pharmaceutical Applications…
networks can also be used to develop new selective and synergistic sorption capacities for specific purposes such as a combined drug release (Fujiyoshi et al. 2019).
A remarkable pH-responsive behavior can be achieved using acrylic acid containing polymers. Thus, highly hydrophilic pH-sensitive networks which load large
amounts of hydrophobic drugs with sustained release capabilities were prepared over
10 years ago by the copolymerization of cyclodextrin with acrylic monomers
(Siemoneit et al. 2006). Other examples have been reported in the recent literature:
highly pH-dependent swelling in graft cyclodextrin/acrylic acid copolymers for the
delivery of ketoprofen (Wang et al. 2009) or mucoadhesive hydrogels by the crosslinking of poly(acrylic acid) with cyclodextrins for the controlled release of diflunisal
and fluconazole (Kutyła et al. 2013). A biocompatible system based on guar gum,
poly(acrylic acid) and β-cyclodextrin using a nontoxic cross-linker, and tetraethyl
orthosilicate, for intestinal delivery of dexamethasone, has also been reported (Das
and Subuddhi 2015).
In the last decade, triple-response (pH, temperature, and glucose) semiinterpenetrated hydrogels were prepared by polymerization in the presence of the
magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) nanoparticles, a cyclodextrin-epichlorohydrin polymer, and a
cross-linker (Huang et al. 2012). These targeting hydrogels could control the release
of quercetin by adjusting both the pH value and glucose concentration of the release
media. More recently, a carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin polymer was grafted on the
surface of chitosan-coated magnetite NPs by an emulsion chemical cross-linking
method (Ding et al. 2015). The loading and release of 5-fluorouracil from these magnetic composites showed that these were promising targeted anticancer drug carriers
for tumor therapies.
Finally, cyclodextrin polymers have also recently found applications in the field
of regenerative medicine (Alvarez-Lorenzo et al. 2017). Bone and cartilage diseases
are each day more challenging because of the increasing number of people affected.
Vascular polyester and polyamide prostheses can be coated with grafted cyclodextrins that can be loaded with an antibiotic in order to reduce the risk of postoperative
infections (Blanchemain et al. 2005). Polyvinylidene difluoride membranes can
also be grafted with cyclodextrins to improve the capture and subsequent release of
antiseptic agents (Tabary et al. 2007). Polyamide inguinal meshes (El Ghoul et al.
2008) or polypropylene abdominal wall implants for the prolonged delivery of ciprofloxacin (Laurent et al. 2011) have been prepared using citric acid as a crosslinker. Hydroxyapatite used in bone implants can also be functionalized with a
cyclodextrin polymer for loading antibiotics (Hoang Thi et al. 2010; Taha et al.
2014). Recently, injectable hydrogels of polyelectrolyte complexes between chitosan and cyclodextrin polymers (both soluble and insoluble) have been rheologically
tested to select those with a better performance in biomedical applications
(Palomino-Durand et al. 2019).
As in the case of “monomeric” (both natural and derivative) cyclodextrins, an
increasing number of publications can be found in the recent literature concerning
cyclodextrin polymers. As Table 6.1 shows, many reviews have been published in
the last 5 years, and the interested reader is referred to them to acquire a better idea
of the goals this field of research is heading and the paths, or approaches, taken. In
6 Cyclodextrin-Based Polymers for Food and Pharmaceutical Applications…