260
degraded methylene) than pure TiO 2 (39%) or Ag/TiO 2 (52%). These results can be
explained by the strong affinity of cyclodextrin toward TiO 2 surface via the outer
hydroxyl groups of the cyclodextrin making a bridge between the titanium oxide
and methylene blue. Moreover, cyclodextrin could act as a host molecule. However,
the use of excess cyclodextrin had a detrimental role in the degradation rate.
Another study reported the synthesis of Ag-β-cyclodextrin/TiO 2 loaded onto activated carbon by using microwave-assisted procedure and its use for the photocatalytic degradation of naphthalene (Chen et al. 2018). In comparison to some control
catalysts, the best catalytic activities were obtained with Ag-β-cyclodextrin/TiO 2 /
AC catalyst due to host-guest interactions between β-cyclodextrin and naphthalene
leading to an increase of the interactions between the substrate and TiO 2 surface.
A nanocomposite based on iron oxide nanoparticles and β-cyclodextrin
(Fe 3 O 4 @β-cyclodextrin) was prepared via a one-pot strategy by mixing iron salts
and β-cyclodextrin in sulfuric acid aqueous solution (Wang et al. 2016b). According
to transmission electron microscopy images, Fe 3 O 4 and Fe 3 O 4 @β-cyclodextrin particles were spherical with an average diameter between 10 nm and 20 nm. X-ray
diffraction patterns indicated a spinel structure with no crystal structure modification in the presence of β-cyclodextrin, but the intensity of the peaks decreased. This
composite was tested in the 4-chorophenol degradation using hydrogen peroxide.
According to the kinetic following, the composite was 2.3 times more active than
the iron oxide alone. This catalytic activity enhancement can be explained by hostguest interactions between β-cyclodextrin and the 4-chorophenol.
Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin was used both as fullerene [60] dispersing agent
in water and stabilizing agent for the synthesis of supported Pd nanoparticles for
electrocatalytic applications (Zhang et al. 2015). Two controls, i.e., Pd nanoparticles
synthesized without hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and one without fullerene, were
considered to show the beneficial effect of the C 60 -hydroxypropyl-β- cyclodextrin
combination. According to transmission electron microscopy experiments, a uniform size distribution and a good adsorption of the Pd nanoparticles on fullerene
were observed on the composite material. Aggregates were obtained without cyclodextrin, and a less uniform distribution was obtained without fullerene. According
to X-ray diffraction patterns, neither hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin nor C 60 had
influence on the nanoparticle crystallinity, but the adsorption of hydroxypropyl-βcyclodextrin on the fullerene surface was observed by elemental mapping measurement. According to thermogravimetric analysis, the cyclodextrin content was around
5%. The catalytic activity of Pd nanoparticles supported on the composite material
was evaluated in the ethanol electrooxidation. Pd supported on hydroxypropyl-βcyclodextrin/C 60 showed better electrocatalytic activity which was explained by a
smaller size and a better distribution of the nanoparticles onto the support.
The synthesis of carbon-based cobalt oxide (Co 3 O 4 /C) and gold nanoparticles
immobilized on Co 3 O 4 /C using several ways (impregnation, microwave irradiation,
impregnation, and microwave irradiation) in aqueous medium in the presence of
β-cyclodextrin was recently reported (Kepenienė et al. 2020). These materials were
evaluated in the catalytic oxygen reduction reaction, and the Au supported on
Co 3 O 4 /C gave the highest activities.
S. Noël et al.
degraded methylene) than pure TiO 2 (39%) or Ag/TiO 2 (52%). These results can be
explained by the strong affinity of cyclodextrin toward TiO 2 surface via the outer
hydroxyl groups of the cyclodextrin making a bridge between the titanium oxide
and methylene blue. Moreover, cyclodextrin could act as a host molecule. However,
the use of excess cyclodextrin had a detrimental role in the degradation rate.
Another study reported the synthesis of Ag-β-cyclodextrin/TiO 2 loaded onto activated carbon by using microwave-assisted procedure and its use for the photocatalytic degradation of naphthalene (Chen et al. 2018). In comparison to some control
catalysts, the best catalytic activities were obtained with Ag-β-cyclodextrin/TiO 2 /
AC catalyst due to host-guest interactions between β-cyclodextrin and naphthalene
leading to an increase of the interactions between the substrate and TiO 2 surface.
A nanocomposite based on iron oxide nanoparticles and β-cyclodextrin
(Fe 3 O 4 @β-cyclodextrin) was prepared via a one-pot strategy by mixing iron salts
and β-cyclodextrin in sulfuric acid aqueous solution (Wang et al. 2016b). According
to transmission electron microscopy images, Fe 3 O 4 and Fe 3 O 4 @β-cyclodextrin particles were spherical with an average diameter between 10 nm and 20 nm. X-ray
diffraction patterns indicated a spinel structure with no crystal structure modification in the presence of β-cyclodextrin, but the intensity of the peaks decreased. This
composite was tested in the 4-chorophenol degradation using hydrogen peroxide.
According to the kinetic following, the composite was 2.3 times more active than
the iron oxide alone. This catalytic activity enhancement can be explained by hostguest interactions between β-cyclodextrin and the 4-chorophenol.
Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin was used both as fullerene [60] dispersing agent
in water and stabilizing agent for the synthesis of supported Pd nanoparticles for
electrocatalytic applications (Zhang et al. 2015). Two controls, i.e., Pd nanoparticles
synthesized without hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and one without fullerene, were
considered to show the beneficial effect of the C 60 -hydroxypropyl-β- cyclodextrin
combination. According to transmission electron microscopy experiments, a uniform size distribution and a good adsorption of the Pd nanoparticles on fullerene
were observed on the composite material. Aggregates were obtained without cyclodextrin, and a less uniform distribution was obtained without fullerene. According
to X-ray diffraction patterns, neither hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin nor C 60 had
influence on the nanoparticle crystallinity, but the adsorption of hydroxypropyl-βcyclodextrin on the fullerene surface was observed by elemental mapping measurement. According to thermogravimetric analysis, the cyclodextrin content was around
5%. The catalytic activity of Pd nanoparticles supported on the composite material
was evaluated in the ethanol electrooxidation. Pd supported on hydroxypropyl-βcyclodextrin/C 60 showed better electrocatalytic activity which was explained by a
smaller size and a better distribution of the nanoparticles onto the support.
The synthesis of carbon-based cobalt oxide (Co 3 O 4 /C) and gold nanoparticles
immobilized on Co 3 O 4 /C using several ways (impregnation, microwave irradiation,
impregnation, and microwave irradiation) in aqueous medium in the presence of
β-cyclodextrin was recently reported (Kepenienė et al. 2020). These materials were
evaluated in the catalytic oxygen reduction reaction, and the Au supported on
Co 3 O 4 /C gave the highest activities.
S. Noël et al.