263
Index
Note: Bold page numbers refer to tables and italic page numbers refer to figures
Aas, A. L. 87
accident investigation, HMI
action-based detection 25
CADMID cycle 15
case study, poor human factors design 27–29
categorising human error 22, 22–23
cognitive failures questionnaire 27
control levels 19
fail-safe operation 22
fail-soft operation 22
false evidence, safety constraints 20
forcing functions, safety constraints 19
guidelines, human factor integration 29–31
hazard log 21
ignored, safety constraints 21
inadequate, safety constraints 21
lack of training 20
latent hazards 18
macro-ergonomic analysis 30
micro-ergonomic analysis 17–18
misapplied, safety constraints 20
near-miss reporting systems 16
operational safety vs. system safety 15, 15–16
outcome-based detection 25
performance shaping factors (PSFs) 17–18,
28–29
process-based detection 25
proneness, accident 27–29
risk homeostasis theory (RHT) 26
risk sources, simplistic interpretations 16,
16–17
safety constraints failures 20–21
safety, human factors perspective 18–20
situation awareness 23–25
target level of risk 26
time pressure, human factors 26
unapplied, safety constraints 20
unsafe, safety constraints 20–21
violations and adaptations 25–26
agile development
attributes of 180
Extreme Programming (XP) 180
frameworks 179–180
incremental deployments 178
Kanban 180
modern principles 179
multidisciplinary teamwork 180
overarching values 179
partial deliveries 178
principles 179
Scrum frameworks 179
terminology of 178
Al-Rifaie, M. M. 236
automation, automated systems
adaptive cruise control (ACC) 193
aviation (see aviation autonomy)
constrained autonomy 236, 244–245
defining operational envelopes 204–205
definition of 192, 236–237
functional abstraction 238
geofencing 193
Greek meaning of 235
human intervention 203
human in the loop 194
levels 192, 193
maximum response time 237
meaningful human control 204–205
MTO safety issues 203–204
no operator, response deadline 237
operational envelope (OE) 239–243
operator at site 237
operator available 237
operator in control 237
operator supervision 237
organizational interfaces 204
rail systems 198–199
remote control centre (RCC) 236
response deadline 237
road vehicles 200–203
safety aspects 193–194
sea (see maritime autonomous surface ships
(MASS))
sensemaking and trust 238–239
simple autonomy 237, 237
socio-technological systems 194
technical barriers 203–204
terminology adopted 193
Tesla fatal accident 193
traffic jam chauffeur 193
transparency 204
autonomy on road
autonomous vehicles (AVs) 200
fixed route autonomy 201
Google-Waymo 201–202
hazards and technical issues 202–203
pilot testing regulations 200
risk-reducing measures 202
safety challenges 201–202
Index
Note: Bold page numbers refer to tables and italic page numbers refer to figures
Aas, A. L. 87
accident investigation, HMI
action-based detection 25
CADMID cycle 15
case study, poor human factors design 27–29
categorising human error 22, 22–23
cognitive failures questionnaire 27
control levels 19
fail-safe operation 22
fail-soft operation 22
false evidence, safety constraints 20
forcing functions, safety constraints 19
guidelines, human factor integration 29–31
hazard log 21
ignored, safety constraints 21
inadequate, safety constraints 21
lack of training 20
latent hazards 18
macro-ergonomic analysis 30
micro-ergonomic analysis 17–18
misapplied, safety constraints 20
near-miss reporting systems 16
operational safety vs. system safety 15, 15–16
outcome-based detection 25
performance shaping factors (PSFs) 17–18,
28–29
process-based detection 25
proneness, accident 27–29
risk homeostasis theory (RHT) 26
risk sources, simplistic interpretations 16,
16–17
safety constraints failures 20–21
safety, human factors perspective 18–20
situation awareness 23–25
target level of risk 26
time pressure, human factors 26
unapplied, safety constraints 20
unsafe, safety constraints 20–21
violations and adaptations 25–26
agile development
attributes of 180
Extreme Programming (XP) 180
frameworks 179–180
incremental deployments 178
Kanban 180
modern principles 179
multidisciplinary teamwork 180
overarching values 179
partial deliveries 178
principles 179
Scrum frameworks 179
terminology of 178
Al-Rifaie, M. M. 236
automation, automated systems
adaptive cruise control (ACC) 193
aviation (see aviation autonomy)
constrained autonomy 236, 244–245
defining operational envelopes 204–205
definition of 192, 236–237
functional abstraction 238
geofencing 193
Greek meaning of 235
human intervention 203
human in the loop 194
levels 192, 193
maximum response time 237
meaningful human control 204–205
MTO safety issues 203–204
no operator, response deadline 237
operational envelope (OE) 239–243
operator at site 237
operator available 237
operator in control 237
operator supervision 237
organizational interfaces 204
rail systems 198–199
remote control centre (RCC) 236
response deadline 237
road vehicles 200–203
safety aspects 193–194
sea (see maritime autonomous surface ships
(MASS))
sensemaking and trust 238–239
simple autonomy 237, 237
socio-technological systems 194
technical barriers 203–204
terminology adopted 193
Tesla fatal accident 193
traffic jam chauffeur 193
transparency 204
autonomy on road
autonomous vehicles (AVs) 200
fixed route autonomy 201
Google-Waymo 201–202
hazards and technical issues 202–203
pilot testing regulations 200
risk-reducing measures 202
safety challenges 201–202