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Sensemaking in Safety Critical and Complex Situations
Phase I
UAS GCS IO Devices
(Quantitative Method)
Phase II
GCS & CWS IO Device Usage
(Quantitative Method)
Phase III
Sensemaking & ANSI/HFES-100 application
(Quantitative and Qualitative Method)
FIGURE 13.6 T hree-step research process (m ixed methodology).
development. Lastly, ANSI/H FES-100 standard will be applied qualitatively to confirm that sensemaking in combination with ANSI/ HFES-100 may help reduce HF/E
in GCS.
Figure 13.6 shows the three phases in order.
FINDINGS
PhaSe i – uaS gcS io DeviceS
For quantitative phase I, 45 U AS- IO-1S surveys were distributed to program managers, engineers, and operators to identify UAS GCS IO device used in Groups 2
through 5. Figure 13.7 shows the phase I process flow chart:
Responses from 36 UAS GCS operators were collected and their responses were
confirmed. The remaining 9 UAS-I O-1S surveys were inadequately completed or
f ollow-up UAS- IO-1Q questioner was not completed/ returned. The 36 participants
represented as follows: 10 UAS GCS from Group 2, 7 from Group 3, 11 from Group
4, and 8 from Group 5. F igure 13.8 shows the UAS from each group that are part of
this study:
The maximum flying experience for operators responding to U AS- IO-1S survey
was 15 years while average was 8.5 years. F igure 13.9 shows the frequency of IO
devices found in UAS GCS. “C W IO” are devices that were found in GCS and were
covered by ANSI/ H FES-100 standard’s IO category, whereas “ Non-CW IO” refers
to devices not covered by ANSI/ HFES-100.
The UAS- IO-1S surveys identified six IO devices ( F igure 13.9, CW IO “b lue”) that
were covered by ANSI/H FES-100. Gamepad was identified as an additional device;
under write-in section of U AS- IO-1S (F igure 13.9, Non-CW IO “ red”), gamepad was
not covered by the standard. An analysis of each of the UAS GCS IO devices follows:
• Display: Device used in CWs to display (m onitor) text, graphics, and data.
Operators use display during takeoff, landing, and in-flight operations. It is
a fundamental part of the GCS and operators rely on it for all UAS health,
status monitoring, geo-location, and maneuvering. Display was found in all
GCS, similar to the findings in previous study.
Sensemaking in Safety Critical and Complex Situations
Phase I
UAS GCS IO Devices
(Quantitative Method)
Phase II
GCS & CWS IO Device Usage
(Quantitative Method)
Phase III
Sensemaking & ANSI/HFES-100 application
(Quantitative and Qualitative Method)
FIGURE 13.6 T hree-step research process (m ixed methodology).
development. Lastly, ANSI/H FES-100 standard will be applied qualitatively to confirm that sensemaking in combination with ANSI/ HFES-100 may help reduce HF/E
in GCS.
Figure 13.6 shows the three phases in order.
FINDINGS
PhaSe i – uaS gcS io DeviceS
For quantitative phase I, 45 U AS- IO-1S surveys were distributed to program managers, engineers, and operators to identify UAS GCS IO device used in Groups 2
through 5. Figure 13.7 shows the phase I process flow chart:
Responses from 36 UAS GCS operators were collected and their responses were
confirmed. The remaining 9 UAS-I O-1S surveys were inadequately completed or
f ollow-up UAS- IO-1Q questioner was not completed/ returned. The 36 participants
represented as follows: 10 UAS GCS from Group 2, 7 from Group 3, 11 from Group
4, and 8 from Group 5. F igure 13.8 shows the UAS from each group that are part of
this study:
The maximum flying experience for operators responding to U AS- IO-1S survey
was 15 years while average was 8.5 years. F igure 13.9 shows the frequency of IO
devices found in UAS GCS. “C W IO” are devices that were found in GCS and were
covered by ANSI/ H FES-100 standard’s IO category, whereas “ Non-CW IO” refers
to devices not covered by ANSI/ HFES-100.
The UAS- IO-1S surveys identified six IO devices ( F igure 13.9, CW IO “b lue”) that
were covered by ANSI/H FES-100. Gamepad was identified as an additional device;
under write-in section of U AS- IO-1S (F igure 13.9, Non-CW IO “ red”), gamepad was
not covered by the standard. An analysis of each of the UAS GCS IO devices follows:
• Display: Device used in CWs to display (m onitor) text, graphics, and data.
Operators use display during takeoff, landing, and in-flight operations. It is
a fundamental part of the GCS and operators rely on it for all UAS health,
status monitoring, geo-location, and maneuvering. Display was found in all
GCS, similar to the findings in previous study.