103
Addressing Human Factors in Ship Design
( noise and temperature) and provision of other facilities. An ethnographic approach
( Lützhöft, 2005) pointed out illumination problems on the bridge, displays that were
too bright and could not be dimmed, equipment that was not attached properly that
the operator must put duct tape on and similar problems on 15 vessels that she visited.
Another investigation was pursued ( Andersson & Lützhöft, 2007) using interviews, field studies and questionnaires regarding environmental conditions in the
engine department, ergonomic issues, engine and control room layout and technical
interfaces. Deficiencies in the engine room on a merchant ship that did not comply
with ergonomic principles as well as OHS requirements were reported.
Similar surveys were performed on seven Swedish merchant vessels ( Grundevik
et al., 2009) evaluating the design of engine control room ( ECR), the layout, consoles
and workstations. The result shows that the ECR design was not developed sufficiently
to meet the demand and less in accordance with the technological progress. Ergonomic
issues were reported, such as insufficient leg space, the position of the consoles and
visibility problems. Defective hardware components, software bugs and defective
software were among the most common system/ equipment failures mentioned.
TABLE 7.2
IMO Publications Relevant to Human Factors in Ship Design
Assembly Resolutions ( RES)
A.342(IX)
Recommendation on Performance Standards for Automatic Pilots
A.468(XII)
Code on Noise Levels on Board Ships
A.601(15)
Provision and Display of Manoeuvring Information on Board Ships
A.708(17)
Navigation Bridge Visibility and Functions
A.817(19)
Performance Standards for Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems ( ECDIS)
A.861(20)
Performance Standards for Shipborne Voyage Data Recorders ( VDRs)
A.947(23)
Human Element Vision, Principles and Goals for the Organization
Maritime Safety Committee ( MSC) Resolutions
128(75)
Performance Standards for a Bridge Navigational Watch Alarm System ( BNWAS)
137(76)
Standards for Ship Manoeuvrability
190(79)
Performance Standards for the Presentation of Navigation-Related Information on
Shipborne Navigational Displays
IMO Circulars, MSC Circulars
587
Life Saving Appliances
601
Fire Protection in Machinery Spaces
616
Evaluation of Free-Fall Lifeboat Launch Performance
645
Guidelines for Vessels with Dynamic Positioning Systems
834
Guidelines for Engine-Room Layout, Design and Arrangement
846
Guidelines on Human Element Considerations for the Design and Management of
Emergency Escape Arrangements on Passenger Ships
849
Guidelines for the performance, location, use and care of emergency escape breathing
devices (EEBD’s)
982
Guidelines on Ergonomic Criteria for Bridge Equipment and Layout
1002
Guidelines on Alternative Design and Arrangements for Fire Safety
Addressing Human Factors in Ship Design
( noise and temperature) and provision of other facilities. An ethnographic approach
( Lützhöft, 2005) pointed out illumination problems on the bridge, displays that were
too bright and could not be dimmed, equipment that was not attached properly that
the operator must put duct tape on and similar problems on 15 vessels that she visited.
Another investigation was pursued ( Andersson & Lützhöft, 2007) using interviews, field studies and questionnaires regarding environmental conditions in the
engine department, ergonomic issues, engine and control room layout and technical
interfaces. Deficiencies in the engine room on a merchant ship that did not comply
with ergonomic principles as well as OHS requirements were reported.
Similar surveys were performed on seven Swedish merchant vessels ( Grundevik
et al., 2009) evaluating the design of engine control room ( ECR), the layout, consoles
and workstations. The result shows that the ECR design was not developed sufficiently
to meet the demand and less in accordance with the technological progress. Ergonomic
issues were reported, such as insufficient leg space, the position of the consoles and
visibility problems. Defective hardware components, software bugs and defective
software were among the most common system/ equipment failures mentioned.
TABLE 7.2
IMO Publications Relevant to Human Factors in Ship Design
Assembly Resolutions ( RES)
A.342(IX)
Recommendation on Performance Standards for Automatic Pilots
A.468(XII)
Code on Noise Levels on Board Ships
A.601(15)
Provision and Display of Manoeuvring Information on Board Ships
A.708(17)
Navigation Bridge Visibility and Functions
A.817(19)
Performance Standards for Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems ( ECDIS)
A.861(20)
Performance Standards for Shipborne Voyage Data Recorders ( VDRs)
A.947(23)
Human Element Vision, Principles and Goals for the Organization
Maritime Safety Committee ( MSC) Resolutions
128(75)
Performance Standards for a Bridge Navigational Watch Alarm System ( BNWAS)
137(76)
Standards for Ship Manoeuvrability
190(79)
Performance Standards for the Presentation of Navigation-Related Information on
Shipborne Navigational Displays
IMO Circulars, MSC Circulars
587
Life Saving Appliances
601
Fire Protection in Machinery Spaces
616
Evaluation of Free-Fall Lifeboat Launch Performance
645
Guidelines for Vessels with Dynamic Positioning Systems
834
Guidelines for Engine-Room Layout, Design and Arrangement
846
Guidelines on Human Element Considerations for the Design and Management of
Emergency Escape Arrangements on Passenger Ships
849
Guidelines for the performance, location, use and care of emergency escape breathing
devices (EEBD’s)
982
Guidelines on Ergonomic Criteria for Bridge Equipment and Layout
1002
Guidelines on Alternative Design and Arrangements for Fire Safety