97
7
Addressing Human
Factors in Ship Design
Shall We?
V. Rumawas
Bærekraftig Arbeidsmiljø WE Sustain
INTRODUCTION
This chapter will discuss how human factors are addressed in ship design, their implementations and challenges. Research suggests that more than 80% of accidents and
incidents at sea are influenced by human errors and h uman-related factors ( Baker &
Seah, 2004; International Maritime Organization, 2012; McCafferty & Baker, 2006).
The contemporary view is that human error is a consequence of deeper issues with the
system, combination of issues such as poor design, poor training, mental overload and
fatigue ( Dekker, 2005). Issues of design flaws have been reported for quite a while,
and it is implied that less adequate design is one significant contributor that instigates
human errors ( Miller, 1999; Reason, 2000). There is an indication of a gap between
existing knowledge ( standards, criteria and requirements) and existing ship designs
( Rumawas & Asbjørnslett, 2010a, 2011a). Some lessons seemed to be too slowly
learned in the maritime industry ( Grundevik, Lundh, & Wagner, 2009; Lützhöft &
Dekker, 2002; Rumawas & Asbjørnslett, 2014b) as similar issues keep happening.
CONTENTS
Introduction
97
..............................................................................................................
Regulation
98
................................................................................................................
Ship Design
99
..............................................................................................................
Ship Design – Examples of Requirements, Criteria and Class Notations
99
...............
Ship Design – Classification Societies
100
...................................................................
Human Factors in Ship Design
100
.........................................................................
Rules and Requirements Related to Human Factors
101
.........................................
Implementation of Human Factors in Ship Design
102
...........................................
Implementation of Human Factors in Ship Design –
Case Study: Offshore Supply Vessel
104
.................................................................
Lessons Learned from Automation and DP Incidents
106
...........................................
Quantitative Survey of Human Factors in Ship Design
108
.........................................
Human Factors in Ship as a Safety-Critical System
109
..............................................
Conclusion
112
.............................................................................................................
References
112
..............................................................................................................
7
Addressing Human
Factors in Ship Design
Shall We?
V. Rumawas
Bærekraftig Arbeidsmiljø WE Sustain
INTRODUCTION
This chapter will discuss how human factors are addressed in ship design, their implementations and challenges. Research suggests that more than 80% of accidents and
incidents at sea are influenced by human errors and h uman-related factors ( Baker &
Seah, 2004; International Maritime Organization, 2012; McCafferty & Baker, 2006).
The contemporary view is that human error is a consequence of deeper issues with the
system, combination of issues such as poor design, poor training, mental overload and
fatigue ( Dekker, 2005). Issues of design flaws have been reported for quite a while,
and it is implied that less adequate design is one significant contributor that instigates
human errors ( Miller, 1999; Reason, 2000). There is an indication of a gap between
existing knowledge ( standards, criteria and requirements) and existing ship designs
( Rumawas & Asbjørnslett, 2010a, 2011a). Some lessons seemed to be too slowly
learned in the maritime industry ( Grundevik, Lundh, & Wagner, 2009; Lützhöft &
Dekker, 2002; Rumawas & Asbjørnslett, 2014b) as similar issues keep happening.
CONTENTS
Introduction
97
..............................................................................................................
Regulation
98
................................................................................................................
Ship Design
99
..............................................................................................................
Ship Design – Examples of Requirements, Criteria and Class Notations
99
...............
Ship Design – Classification Societies
100
...................................................................
Human Factors in Ship Design
100
.........................................................................
Rules and Requirements Related to Human Factors
101
.........................................
Implementation of Human Factors in Ship Design
102
...........................................
Implementation of Human Factors in Ship Design –
Case Study: Offshore Supply Vessel
104
.................................................................
Lessons Learned from Automation and DP Incidents
106
...........................................
Quantitative Survey of Human Factors in Ship Design
108
.........................................
Human Factors in Ship as a Safety-Critical System
109
..............................................
Conclusion
112
.............................................................................................................
References
112
..............................................................................................................