629
Hydrocracking
Kressmann, S., Guillaume, D., Magalie, R., and Plain, C. 2004. A new generation of hydroconversion and hydrodesulfurization catalysts. Proceedings of the 14th Annual Symposium. Catalysis in Petroleum Refining and
Petrochemicals, King Faud University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, December 5–6.
Kressmann, S., Morel, F., Harlé, V., and Kasztelan, S. 1998. Recent developments in fixed-bed catalytic residue
upgrading. Catalysis Today 43: 203–215.
Kriz, J.F. and Ternan, M. 1994. Hydrocracking of heavy asphaltenic oil in the presence of an additive to prevent
coke formation. United States Patent 5,296,130, March 22.
Liu, Y., Gao, L., Wen, L., and Zong, B. 2009. Recent advances in heavy oil hydroprocessing technologies.
Recent Patents on Chemical Engineering 2: 22–36.
Niemann, K., Kretschmar, K., Rupp, M., and Merz, L. 1988. Veba combi cracking process. Proceedings of
the 4th UNITAR/UNDP International Conference on Heavy Crude and Tar Sand, Edmonton, Alberta,
Canada, Vol. 5, p. 225.
Occelli, M.L. and Robson, H.E. 1989. Zeolite synthesis. Symposium Series No. 398. American Chemical
Society, Washington, DC.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration, United States Department of Labor. 1999. Petroleum refining
processes. In OSHA Technical Manual, Section IV, Chapter 2. Washington, DC. http://www.osha.gov/
dts/osta/otm/otm_iv/otm_iv_2.html.
Peries, J.P., Quignard, A., Farjon, C., and Laborde, M. 1988. Thermal and catalytic ASVAHL processes under
hydrogen pressure for converting heavy crudes and conventional residues. Révue Institut Français du
Pétrole 43(6): 847–853.
Pruden, B.B. 1978. Hydrocracking of bitumen and heavy oils at CANMET. Canadian Journal of Chemical
Engineering 56: 277–280.
Pruden, B.B., Muir, G., and Skripek, M. 1993. The CANMET Hydrocracking Process to Upgrade Tar
Sand Bitumen and Residue. Preprints. Oil Sands—Our Petroleum Future. Alberta Research Council,
Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, p. 277.
RAROP. 1991. In Heavy Oil Processing Handbook, Y. Kamiya (Ed.). Research Association for Residual Oil
Processing, Agency of Natural Resources and Energy, Ministry of International Trade and Industry,
Tokyo, Japan.
Reich, A., Bishop, W., and Veljkovic, M. 1993. LC-Fining Tar Sand Bitumen. Preprints. Oil Sands—Our
Petroleum Future, Alberta Research Council, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, p. 216.
Reno, M. 1997. In Handbook of Petroleum Refining Processes, 2nd edn. R.A. Meyers (Ed.). McGraw-Hill,
New York, Chapter 7.3.
Reynolds, J.G. and Beret, S. 1989. Effect of prehydrogenation on hydroconversion of Maya residuum. Fuel
Science and Technology International 7: 165.
Robschalager, K.W., Deelen, W.J., and Naber, J.E. 1992. The shell residue hydroconversion process:
Development and future applications. Proceedings of International Symposium on Heavy Oil and
Residue Upgrading and Utilization, H. Chongren and H. Chu (Eds.). International Academic Publishing,
Beijing, China, p. 249.
Scherzer, J. and Gruia, A.J. 1996. Hydrocracking Science and Technology. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York.
Sherman, J.D. 1998. Synthetic zeolites and other microporous oxide molecular sieves. Proceedings of
Colloquium on Geology, Mineralogy, and Human Welfare. National Academy of Sciences, Irvine, CA.
Speight, J.G. 1986. Upgrading heavy feedstocks. Annual Review of Energy 11: 253.
Speight, J.G. (Ed.) 1990. Tar sands. In Fuel Science and Technology Handbook. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York,
Chapters 12–16.
Speight, J.G. 2000. The Desulfurization of Heavy Oils and Residua, 2nd edn. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York.
Speight, J.G. 2011. The Refinery of the Future. Gulf Professional Publishing, Elsevier, Oxford, U.K.
Speight, J.G. and Moschopedis, S.E. 1979. The production of low-sulfur liquids and coke from athabasca bitumen. Fuel Processing Technology 2: 295.
Speight, J.G. and Ozum, B. 2002. Petroleum Refining Processes. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York.
Suchanek, A.J. and Moore, A.S. 1986. Efficient carbon rejection upgrades Mexico’s Maya crude oil. Oil & Gas
Journal 84(31): 36.
Sue, H. 1989. The MRH hydrocracking process. Proceedings of 4th UNITAR/UNDP Conference on Heavy Oil
and Tar Sands. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, Vol. 5, p. 117.
Swaddle, T.W. 1997. Inorganic Chemistry. Academic Press Inc., New York.
Thompson, G.J. 1997. In Handbook of Petroleum Refining Processes, R.A. Meyers (Ed.). McGraw-Hill,
New York, Chapter 8.4.
Toulhoat, H., Szymanski, R., and Plumail, J.C. 1990. Interrelations between initial pore structure, morphology
and distribution of accumulated deposits. Catalysis Today 7: 531.
Hydrocracking
Kressmann, S., Guillaume, D., Magalie, R., and Plain, C. 2004. A new generation of hydroconversion and hydrodesulfurization catalysts. Proceedings of the 14th Annual Symposium. Catalysis in Petroleum Refining and
Petrochemicals, King Faud University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, December 5–6.
Kressmann, S., Morel, F., Harlé, V., and Kasztelan, S. 1998. Recent developments in fixed-bed catalytic residue
upgrading. Catalysis Today 43: 203–215.
Kriz, J.F. and Ternan, M. 1994. Hydrocracking of heavy asphaltenic oil in the presence of an additive to prevent
coke formation. United States Patent 5,296,130, March 22.
Liu, Y., Gao, L., Wen, L., and Zong, B. 2009. Recent advances in heavy oil hydroprocessing technologies.
Recent Patents on Chemical Engineering 2: 22–36.
Niemann, K., Kretschmar, K., Rupp, M., and Merz, L. 1988. Veba combi cracking process. Proceedings of
the 4th UNITAR/UNDP International Conference on Heavy Crude and Tar Sand, Edmonton, Alberta,
Canada, Vol. 5, p. 225.
Occelli, M.L. and Robson, H.E. 1989. Zeolite synthesis. Symposium Series No. 398. American Chemical
Society, Washington, DC.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration, United States Department of Labor. 1999. Petroleum refining
processes. In OSHA Technical Manual, Section IV, Chapter 2. Washington, DC. http://www.osha.gov/
dts/osta/otm/otm_iv/otm_iv_2.html.
Peries, J.P., Quignard, A., Farjon, C., and Laborde, M. 1988. Thermal and catalytic ASVAHL processes under
hydrogen pressure for converting heavy crudes and conventional residues. Révue Institut Français du
Pétrole 43(6): 847–853.
Pruden, B.B. 1978. Hydrocracking of bitumen and heavy oils at CANMET. Canadian Journal of Chemical
Engineering 56: 277–280.
Pruden, B.B., Muir, G., and Skripek, M. 1993. The CANMET Hydrocracking Process to Upgrade Tar
Sand Bitumen and Residue. Preprints. Oil Sands—Our Petroleum Future. Alberta Research Council,
Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, p. 277.
RAROP. 1991. In Heavy Oil Processing Handbook, Y. Kamiya (Ed.). Research Association for Residual Oil
Processing, Agency of Natural Resources and Energy, Ministry of International Trade and Industry,
Tokyo, Japan.
Reich, A., Bishop, W., and Veljkovic, M. 1993. LC-Fining Tar Sand Bitumen. Preprints. Oil Sands—Our
Petroleum Future, Alberta Research Council, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, p. 216.
Reno, M. 1997. In Handbook of Petroleum Refining Processes, 2nd edn. R.A. Meyers (Ed.). McGraw-Hill,
New York, Chapter 7.3.
Reynolds, J.G. and Beret, S. 1989. Effect of prehydrogenation on hydroconversion of Maya residuum. Fuel
Science and Technology International 7: 165.
Robschalager, K.W., Deelen, W.J., and Naber, J.E. 1992. The shell residue hydroconversion process:
Development and future applications. Proceedings of International Symposium on Heavy Oil and
Residue Upgrading and Utilization, H. Chongren and H. Chu (Eds.). International Academic Publishing,
Beijing, China, p. 249.
Scherzer, J. and Gruia, A.J. 1996. Hydrocracking Science and Technology. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York.
Sherman, J.D. 1998. Synthetic zeolites and other microporous oxide molecular sieves. Proceedings of
Colloquium on Geology, Mineralogy, and Human Welfare. National Academy of Sciences, Irvine, CA.
Speight, J.G. 1986. Upgrading heavy feedstocks. Annual Review of Energy 11: 253.
Speight, J.G. (Ed.) 1990. Tar sands. In Fuel Science and Technology Handbook. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York,
Chapters 12–16.
Speight, J.G. 2000. The Desulfurization of Heavy Oils and Residua, 2nd edn. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York.
Speight, J.G. 2011. The Refinery of the Future. Gulf Professional Publishing, Elsevier, Oxford, U.K.
Speight, J.G. and Moschopedis, S.E. 1979. The production of low-sulfur liquids and coke from athabasca bitumen. Fuel Processing Technology 2: 295.
Speight, J.G. and Ozum, B. 2002. Petroleum Refining Processes. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York.
Suchanek, A.J. and Moore, A.S. 1986. Efficient carbon rejection upgrades Mexico’s Maya crude oil. Oil & Gas
Journal 84(31): 36.
Sue, H. 1989. The MRH hydrocracking process. Proceedings of 4th UNITAR/UNDP Conference on Heavy Oil
and Tar Sands. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, Vol. 5, p. 117.
Swaddle, T.W. 1997. Inorganic Chemistry. Academic Press Inc., New York.
Thompson, G.J. 1997. In Handbook of Petroleum Refining Processes, R.A. Meyers (Ed.). McGraw-Hill,
New York, Chapter 8.4.
Toulhoat, H., Szymanski, R., and Plumail, J.C. 1990. Interrelations between initial pore structure, morphology
and distribution of accumulated deposits. Catalysis Today 7: 531.