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The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum
In consequence, the surface of the non-catalytic particles is kept dry and good fluidity is maintained
allowing a good yield of, and selectivity for, middle distillate products. Hydrogen-containing gas
from the fractionator is used for the fluidization in the cracker. Excessive coke caused by the metals
accumulated on the particle is suppressed under the presence of hydrogen. The particles with deposited coke from the cracker are sent to the gasifier, where the coke is gasified and converted into
TABLE 18.9
Feedstock and Product Data for the Eureka
Process
Feedstock: Middle East Vacuum Residuum Mix a
API
7.6
Sulfur, % w/w
3.9
C7-asphaltenes, % w/w
5.7
Carbon residue, % w/w
20.0
Nickel, ppm
136.0
Vanadium, ppm
202.0
Products
Light oil (C5-240°C, C5-465°F), % w/w
14.9
API
53.0
Sulfur, % w/w
1.1
Nitrogen, % w/w
<0.1
Gas oil, wt.% (240°C–540°C, 465°F–1000°F)
50.7
API
21.3
Sulfur, % w/w
2.7
Nitrogen, % w/w
0.3
Pitch (>540°C, >1000°F), wt.%
29.6
Sulfur, % w/w
5.7
Nitrogen, % w/w
1.2
Nickel, ppm
487.0
Vanadium, ppm
688.0
a >500°C, >930°F, not defined by name.
Cracked
light oil
Off
gas
Cracked
heavy oil
Petroleum
pitch
Buffer
drum
Pre
heater
Reactor
Cracking
heater
Superheater
Steam
Vacuum
residue
Pitch
aker
FIGURE 18.7 The Eureka process.