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Rana, M.S., Sámano, V., Ancheyta, J., and Diaz, J.A.I. 2007. A review of recent advances on process technologies for upgrading of heavy oils and residua. Fuel 86: 1216–1231.
RAROP. 1991. RAROP Heavy Oil Processing Handbook. Research Association for Residual Oil Processing.
T. Noguchi (Chairman). Ministry of Trade and International Industry (MITI), Tokyo, Japan.
Rispoli, G., Sanfilippo, D., and Amoroso, A. 2009. Advanced hydrocracking technology upgrades extra heavy
oil. Hydrocarbon Processing 88(12): 39–46.
Rostrup-Nielsen, J.R. 2004. Fuels and energy for the future: The role of catalysis. Catalysis Reviews 46(3 and 4):
247–270.
Scholten, G.G. 1992. In Petroleum Processing Handbook, J.J. McKetta (Ed.). Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York,
p. 565.
Shih, S.S. and Oballa, M.C. (Eds.). 1991. Tar Sand Upgrading Technology. Symposium Series No. 282.
American Institute for Chemical Engineers, New York.
Sousa-Aguiar, E.F., Appel, L.G., and Mota, C. 2005. Natural gas chemical transformations: The path to refining
in the future. Catalysis Today 10(1): 3–7.
Speight, J.G. 1984. Upgrading heavy oils and residua: The nature of the problem. In Catalysis on the Energy
Scene, S. Kaliaguine and A. Mahay (Eds.). Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Speight, J.G. 2000. The Desulfurization of Heavy Oils and Residua, 2nd edn. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York.
Speight, J.G. 2005. Natural bitumen (tar sands) and heavy oil. In Coal, Oil Shale, Natural Bitumen, Heavy Oil
and Peat, from Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), Developed under the Auspices of the
UNESCO, EOLSS Publishers, Oxford, U.K. http://www.eolss.net. 2005.
Speight, J.G. 2008. Handbook of Synthetic Fuels. McGraw-Hill, New York.
Speight, J.G. 2011a. An Introduction to Petroleum Technology, Economics, and Politics. Scrivener Publishing,
Salem, MA.
Speight, J.G. 2011b. The Refinery of the Future. Gulf Professional Publishing, Elsevier, Oxford, U.K.
Speight, J.G. and Ozum, B. 2002. Petroleum Refining Processes. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York.
Stanislaus, A., Qabazard, H., and Absi-Halabi, M. 2000. Refinery of the future. Proceedings of the 16th World
Petroleum Congress, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, June 11–15.
Stratiev, D. and Petkov, K. 2009. Residue upgrading: Challenges and perspectives. Hydrocarbon Processing
88(9): 93–96.
Szklo, A. and Schaeffer, R. 2005. Alternative energy sources or integrated alternative energy systems? Oil as a
modern lance of Peleus for the energy transition. Energy 31: 2513–2522.