311
Structural Group Analysis
Champagne, P.J., Manolakis, E., and Ternan, M. 1985. The molecular weight distribution of athabasca bitumen.
Fuel 64: 423–425.
Cookson, D.J., Lloyd, C.P., and Smith, B.E. 1986. Fuel 65: 1247.
Dark, W.A. and McGough, R.R. 1978. Use of liquid chromatography in the characterization of asphalts.
Journal of Chromatographic Science 16: 610–615.
Dereppe, J.M. and Moreaux, C. 1985. Measurement of CHn group. In fossil fuel materials using DEPT 13C
NMR. Fuel 64: 1174–1176.
Dereppe, J.M., Moreaux, C., and Castex, H. 1975. Analysis of asphaltenes by carbon and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Fuel 57: 435–441.
Diamond, R. 1957. X-ray diffraction data for large aromatic molecules. Acta Crystallographica 10:
359–364.
Diamond, R. 1958. A least-squares analysis of the diffuse x-ray scattering from carbons. Acta Crystallographica
11: 129–138.
Ebert, L.B. 1990. Fuel Science and Technology International 8: 563.
Ebert, L.B., Mills, D.R., and Scanlon, J.C. 1987. Preprints. Division of Petroleum Chemistry American
Chemical Society 32(2): 419.
Ebert, L.B., Scanlon, J.C., and Mills, D.R. 1984. Liquid Fuels Technology 2: 257.
Erdman, J.G. 1965. In Hydrocarbon Analysis. Special Publication No. STP 389. American Society for Testing
and Materials, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, p. 259.
Espinat, D., Tchoubar, D., Boulet, R., and Freund, E. 1984. In Characterization of Heavy Crude Oils and
Petroleum Residues, B. Tissot (Ed.). Editions Technip, Paris, France, p. 147.
Felix, G., Bertrand, C., and Van Gastel, F. 1985. Hydroprocessing of heavy oils and residua. Chromatographia
20(3): 155–160.
Ferris, S.W., Black, E.P., and Clelland, J.B. 1966. Aromatic structures in asphalt fractions. Preprints. Division
of Petroleum Chemistry American Chemical Society 11: B127–B130.
Fischer, K.A. and Schram, A. 1959. Erdoel Kohle 12: 368.
Flinn, R.A., Beuther, H., and Schmid, B.K. 1961. Petroleum Refiner 40: 139.
Francisco, M.A. and Speight, J.G. 1984. Asphaltene characterization by a non-spectroscopic method. Preprints.
Division of Fuel Chemistry American Chemical Society 29(1): 36.
Gardner, R.A., Hardman, H.F., Jones, A.J., and Williams, R.B. 1959. Journal of Chemical and Engineering
Data 4: 155.
George, G.N., Gorbaty, M.L., and Kelemen, S.R. 1990. In Geochemistry of Sulfur in Fossil Fuels. W.L. Orr and
C.M. White (Eds.). Symposium Series No. 429. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, Chapter 12.
Giavarini, C. and Vecchi, C. 1987. Characterization of visbreaker bitumen by NMR spectroscopy. Fuel 66:
868–869.
Gould, K.A. and Long, R.B. 1986. A new technique for the acid/base separation of petroleum and coal-derived
fractions. Fuel 65: 572–576.
Goulon, J., Esselin, C., Friant, P., Berthe, C., Muller, J.-F., Poncet, J-L., Guilard, R., Escalier, J.-C., and Neff, B.
1984. In Characterization of Heavy Crude Oils and Petroleum Residues, B. Tissot (Ed.). Editions
Technip, Paris, France, p. 3.
Gray, M.R., Choi, J.H.K., and Egiebor, N.O. 1989. Structural group analysis of residues from athabasca bitumen. Fuel Science and Technology International 7: 599–610.
Guiochon, G. 1982. In Petroanalysis ’81, G.C. Crump (Ed.). John Wiley & Sons Inc., Chichester, U.K.
Hasan, M., Ali, M.F., and Arab, M. 1989. Structural characterization of Saudi Arabian extra light and light
crudes by 1-H and 13-C NMR spectroscopy. Fuel 68: 801–803.
Hasan, M., Siddiqui, M.N., and Arab, M. 1988. Separation and characterization of asphaltenes from Saudi
Arabian crudes. Fuel 67: 1131–1134.
Herzog, P., Tchoubar, D., and Espinat, D. 1988. Macrostructure of asphaltene dispersions by small-angle X-ray
scattering. Fuel 67: 245–250.
Hobson, G.D. and Pohl, W. (Eds.). 1973. Modern Petroleum Technology. Applied Science Publishers Ltd.,
London, U.K.
Jacobson, J.M. and Gray, M.R. 1987. The use of infrared spectroscopy and nitrogen titration data in structural
group analysis of bitumen. Fuel 66: 749–752.
Kelemen, S.R., George, G.N., and Gorbaty, M.L. 1990. Fuel 69: 939.
Killops, S.D. and Readman, J.W. 1985. HPLC fractionation and GC-MS determination of aromatic hydrocarbons for oils and sediments. Organic Geochemistry 8: 247–257.
Lee, M.L., Novotny, M.S., and Bartle, K.D. 1981. Analytical Chemistry of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds.
Academic Press Inc., New York.
Structural Group Analysis
Champagne, P.J., Manolakis, E., and Ternan, M. 1985. The molecular weight distribution of athabasca bitumen.
Fuel 64: 423–425.
Cookson, D.J., Lloyd, C.P., and Smith, B.E. 1986. Fuel 65: 1247.
Dark, W.A. and McGough, R.R. 1978. Use of liquid chromatography in the characterization of asphalts.
Journal of Chromatographic Science 16: 610–615.
Dereppe, J.M. and Moreaux, C. 1985. Measurement of CHn group. In fossil fuel materials using DEPT 13C
NMR. Fuel 64: 1174–1176.
Dereppe, J.M., Moreaux, C., and Castex, H. 1975. Analysis of asphaltenes by carbon and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Fuel 57: 435–441.
Diamond, R. 1957. X-ray diffraction data for large aromatic molecules. Acta Crystallographica 10:
359–364.
Diamond, R. 1958. A least-squares analysis of the diffuse x-ray scattering from carbons. Acta Crystallographica
11: 129–138.
Ebert, L.B. 1990. Fuel Science and Technology International 8: 563.
Ebert, L.B., Mills, D.R., and Scanlon, J.C. 1987. Preprints. Division of Petroleum Chemistry American
Chemical Society 32(2): 419.
Ebert, L.B., Scanlon, J.C., and Mills, D.R. 1984. Liquid Fuels Technology 2: 257.
Erdman, J.G. 1965. In Hydrocarbon Analysis. Special Publication No. STP 389. American Society for Testing
and Materials, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, p. 259.
Espinat, D., Tchoubar, D., Boulet, R., and Freund, E. 1984. In Characterization of Heavy Crude Oils and
Petroleum Residues, B. Tissot (Ed.). Editions Technip, Paris, France, p. 147.
Felix, G., Bertrand, C., and Van Gastel, F. 1985. Hydroprocessing of heavy oils and residua. Chromatographia
20(3): 155–160.
Ferris, S.W., Black, E.P., and Clelland, J.B. 1966. Aromatic structures in asphalt fractions. Preprints. Division
of Petroleum Chemistry American Chemical Society 11: B127–B130.
Fischer, K.A. and Schram, A. 1959. Erdoel Kohle 12: 368.
Flinn, R.A., Beuther, H., and Schmid, B.K. 1961. Petroleum Refiner 40: 139.
Francisco, M.A. and Speight, J.G. 1984. Asphaltene characterization by a non-spectroscopic method. Preprints.
Division of Fuel Chemistry American Chemical Society 29(1): 36.
Gardner, R.A., Hardman, H.F., Jones, A.J., and Williams, R.B. 1959. Journal of Chemical and Engineering
Data 4: 155.
George, G.N., Gorbaty, M.L., and Kelemen, S.R. 1990. In Geochemistry of Sulfur in Fossil Fuels. W.L. Orr and
C.M. White (Eds.). Symposium Series No. 429. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, Chapter 12.
Giavarini, C. and Vecchi, C. 1987. Characterization of visbreaker bitumen by NMR spectroscopy. Fuel 66:
868–869.
Gould, K.A. and Long, R.B. 1986. A new technique for the acid/base separation of petroleum and coal-derived
fractions. Fuel 65: 572–576.
Goulon, J., Esselin, C., Friant, P., Berthe, C., Muller, J.-F., Poncet, J-L., Guilard, R., Escalier, J.-C., and Neff, B.
1984. In Characterization of Heavy Crude Oils and Petroleum Residues, B. Tissot (Ed.). Editions
Technip, Paris, France, p. 3.
Gray, M.R., Choi, J.H.K., and Egiebor, N.O. 1989. Structural group analysis of residues from athabasca bitumen. Fuel Science and Technology International 7: 599–610.
Guiochon, G. 1982. In Petroanalysis ’81, G.C. Crump (Ed.). John Wiley & Sons Inc., Chichester, U.K.
Hasan, M., Ali, M.F., and Arab, M. 1989. Structural characterization of Saudi Arabian extra light and light
crudes by 1-H and 13-C NMR spectroscopy. Fuel 68: 801–803.
Hasan, M., Siddiqui, M.N., and Arab, M. 1988. Separation and characterization of asphaltenes from Saudi
Arabian crudes. Fuel 67: 1131–1134.
Herzog, P., Tchoubar, D., and Espinat, D. 1988. Macrostructure of asphaltene dispersions by small-angle X-ray
scattering. Fuel 67: 245–250.
Hobson, G.D. and Pohl, W. (Eds.). 1973. Modern Petroleum Technology. Applied Science Publishers Ltd.,
London, U.K.
Jacobson, J.M. and Gray, M.R. 1987. The use of infrared spectroscopy and nitrogen titration data in structural
group analysis of bitumen. Fuel 66: 749–752.
Kelemen, S.R., George, G.N., and Gorbaty, M.L. 1990. Fuel 69: 939.
Killops, S.D. and Readman, J.W. 1985. HPLC fractionation and GC-MS determination of aromatic hydrocarbons for oils and sediments. Organic Geochemistry 8: 247–257.
Lee, M.L., Novotny, M.S., and Bartle, K.D. 1981. Analytical Chemistry of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds.
Academic Press Inc., New York.