English in terms of visibility, the label applies a ground-figure contrast. Not only is it easier to
attract attention with a ground-figure contrast, but it is easier to read text when the letters and
background have high contrast (Bitgood 2002). Labels that are located in line of sight will be
easily detected and legible, however, the QR code label on the study object (Figures 1 and ;) is
located far from the eye line area in a normal standing position and using small font size results,
cause information on the label is not easy for visitors to read. Labels that are not in the eye line
area will affect the effectiveness because it will tend to be overlooked and unreadable by visitors.
Visitors have to spend extra effort by squatting or bending in the attempt to read the QR code label.
The extra effort is one of the distractions that affect motivation and focus the attention of visitors
(Bitgood 2002).
Based on field studies, represented by cases A (Figure 1) and B (Figure 2), the circulation
width inside the museum is quite narrow to accommodate the activities of a squatting visitor while
aiming smartphone cameras at the QR code and tend to disturb other visitor circulation areas.
The circulation width area in the museum does not yet meet the minimum required standard for
circulation width according to anthropometric ergonomics (explanation in Table 1).
Placement of objects and the space provided in the museum should pay attention to the comfort
of visitor’s activity. Object and space can become the focus of attention, facilitate or encourage the
movement of visitors, provide a rhythm or balance, and can improve visual and physical abilities
to enjoy the collection in the museum (Swathi Matta Reddy 2012). If there is one that doesn’t meet
the standard, the activity comfortability will be disturbed. Squatting and bowing while aiming the
cellphone camera at the QR code will take up a wider space, so it can interfere others circulation
area, especially if the museum has a lot of visitors. Circulation disturbances can also cause crowds,
thus disturb visitors’ comfort while observing collections in museums or reading the existing
information. This disturbance can cause the object around it to be less notified by visitors.
In arranging and placing technology to support historical collections, several things need to be
considered in order to be effective, one of which is the interior environmental conditions. Physical
aspects of the environment such as visibility generated from lighting effects, visual barriers, and
glare will affect the appearance of the display so that it also affects the attention of visitors (Schielke
2019). Based on the existing, the lighting used at the Mpu Purwa Museum is 25% natural lighting
and 75% artificial lighting. Artificial lighting is used as a general light and decorative light to
expose the collection. There is no special lighting that exposes QR code labels, so the lighting
takes advantage of general light or spotlight that leads to the display object.
QR code labels must be well lit. Based on research on the mobile phone audiovisual guide tour
at Ueno Zoological Gardens and the National Science Museum in Tokyo, visitors find it difficult
to scan QR codes in a dark gallery area (Sakamoto & Sakamoto 2007). However, lighting that is
too bright must also be considered, because it can cause a glare effect both in camera phone and
visitor’s eye. If there is glare or too much reflective light, guests may experience discomfort while
interacting in the museum, and their experience will be greatly altered (Hunt 2009). Based on a
case study at the Mpu Purwa Museum, there are several QR codes that reflect light from a spotlight
that illuminates the collection object, so visitors must find the right position so that the scanned
QR code does not have a white spot reflected by the light.
The problem with the appearance of a white spot is that the QR code label has a shiny plastic
material facing the spotlight so that a bright light reflection occurs. This condition can be overcome
by moving it to a part that is not directly facing the direction of the light, moving the location of the
spotlight or replacing the QR code label material with a non-reflective material. From this condition,
it can be concluded that physical environmental aspects such as lighting also play an important
role in influencing the effectiveness of the information on labels, even though the presentation and
type of labels displayed are based on the latest technology. Determination of the placement and
type of lamp used has a correlation with other elements in an interior space (Swathi Matta Reddy
2012). The placement of lights, QR code labels, and materials used must be considered so that the
information presented can be easily accessed by museum visitors.
363
attract attention with a ground-figure contrast, but it is easier to read text when the letters and
background have high contrast (Bitgood 2002). Labels that are located in line of sight will be
easily detected and legible, however, the QR code label on the study object (Figures 1 and ;) is
located far from the eye line area in a normal standing position and using small font size results,
cause information on the label is not easy for visitors to read. Labels that are not in the eye line
area will affect the effectiveness because it will tend to be overlooked and unreadable by visitors.
Visitors have to spend extra effort by squatting or bending in the attempt to read the QR code label.
The extra effort is one of the distractions that affect motivation and focus the attention of visitors
(Bitgood 2002).
Based on field studies, represented by cases A (Figure 1) and B (Figure 2), the circulation
width inside the museum is quite narrow to accommodate the activities of a squatting visitor while
aiming smartphone cameras at the QR code and tend to disturb other visitor circulation areas.
The circulation width area in the museum does not yet meet the minimum required standard for
circulation width according to anthropometric ergonomics (explanation in Table 1).
Placement of objects and the space provided in the museum should pay attention to the comfort
of visitor’s activity. Object and space can become the focus of attention, facilitate or encourage the
movement of visitors, provide a rhythm or balance, and can improve visual and physical abilities
to enjoy the collection in the museum (Swathi Matta Reddy 2012). If there is one that doesn’t meet
the standard, the activity comfortability will be disturbed. Squatting and bowing while aiming the
cellphone camera at the QR code will take up a wider space, so it can interfere others circulation
area, especially if the museum has a lot of visitors. Circulation disturbances can also cause crowds,
thus disturb visitors’ comfort while observing collections in museums or reading the existing
information. This disturbance can cause the object around it to be less notified by visitors.
In arranging and placing technology to support historical collections, several things need to be
considered in order to be effective, one of which is the interior environmental conditions. Physical
aspects of the environment such as visibility generated from lighting effects, visual barriers, and
glare will affect the appearance of the display so that it also affects the attention of visitors (Schielke
2019). Based on the existing, the lighting used at the Mpu Purwa Museum is 25% natural lighting
and 75% artificial lighting. Artificial lighting is used as a general light and decorative light to
expose the collection. There is no special lighting that exposes QR code labels, so the lighting
takes advantage of general light or spotlight that leads to the display object.
QR code labels must be well lit. Based on research on the mobile phone audiovisual guide tour
at Ueno Zoological Gardens and the National Science Museum in Tokyo, visitors find it difficult
to scan QR codes in a dark gallery area (Sakamoto & Sakamoto 2007). However, lighting that is
too bright must also be considered, because it can cause a glare effect both in camera phone and
visitor’s eye. If there is glare or too much reflective light, guests may experience discomfort while
interacting in the museum, and their experience will be greatly altered (Hunt 2009). Based on a
case study at the Mpu Purwa Museum, there are several QR codes that reflect light from a spotlight
that illuminates the collection object, so visitors must find the right position so that the scanned
QR code does not have a white spot reflected by the light.
The problem with the appearance of a white spot is that the QR code label has a shiny plastic
material facing the spotlight so that a bright light reflection occurs. This condition can be overcome
by moving it to a part that is not directly facing the direction of the light, moving the location of the
spotlight or replacing the QR code label material with a non-reflective material. From this condition,
it can be concluded that physical environmental aspects such as lighting also play an important
role in influencing the effectiveness of the information on labels, even though the presentation and
type of labels displayed are based on the latest technology. Determination of the placement and
type of lamp used has a correlation with other elements in an interior space (Swathi Matta Reddy
2012). The placement of lights, QR code labels, and materials used must be considered so that the
information presented can be easily accessed by museum visitors.
363