Dynamics of Industrial Revolution 4.0: Digital Technology Transformation and Cultural Evolution –
Wulandari et al (eds)
© 2021 The Author(s), ISBN 978-1-032-04451-4
The value of heterotopia space constructed by the hybridity of physical
and digital interior design
J. Hidayat
Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Indonesia
C. Dharmawan
Universitas Komputer Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia
ABSTRACT: Heterotopia is a theoretical concept referring to real space comprising characteristics such as ambiguous, temporary, contextual, personal, and illusive. It unveils the contradictive
hidden meaning. The advance of digital technology in design brings forth the hybridity that delivers
a spatial aesthetic experience in the form of an intervention space between the physical element
with its constant trait and the digital space that is temporary; between a more objective construction
of meaning and contextual or personal. The case study method was used in this study with objects
from the Museum of the Bible, the Vuitton store, and the Miguel Chevalier Digital Art Installation.
The result is that the value of heterotopia was used as a critique space and a representation of
identity crisis precipitated by the encounter between physical and digital space. It in turn stipulates
interior design to redefine the understanding of space. The meaning of space is a value which will
always be present in a process of negotiating and reinterpreting.
Keywords: heterotopia, hybrid, digital, interior, illusive
1 INTRODUCTION
Digital art was first introduced by Harold Cohen (1928–2016), a British painter and academic who
had been in the United States since 1968. In 1971, he published a drawing machine controlled
by a computer. Cohen then developed a computer program for the drawing composition of lines,
surfaces, and colors. The abstract drawing produced by this computer-controlled drawing machine
was brought to the public at the Los Angeles County Museum of Air (1972), La Jolla Museum
of Air in San Diego (1973), and the “Documenta” art exhibition in Kassel, Germany (1977).
Cohen subsequently enhanced a more elaborate computer program which enabled the drawing
machine to develop into a painting-fabricator machine that could produce figurative paintings such
as floras, human paintings, as well as making simulations of colors decided upon by an artist. In
the 1990s, this painting fabricator machine lost the competition to the printing machine which can
produce a replica of a colored picture on large-sized paper, including canvas for paintings who also
had unlimited opportunities for artists to create visual collages by combining images originating
from photos, videos, and computer paintings, turning them into new works of art. The artificial
intelligence, used to create paintings and the strategy of combining physical and digital images to
generate a novelty, merged into the design world including interior design.
The first application of computer technology in interior design occurred in the making of design
drawing, working drawing, and presentation drawing by using computer software such as AutoCAD
since 1982, 3D Max Animation since 2005, Adobe Illustrator since 1986, and Adobe Photoshop
since 1990, followed by design softwares for 2D and 3D drawings, such as SketchUp, TurboCad,
Revit, Archicad, Infurnia, and Live Home 3D. Computer technology was also used on 3D printing
machines to translate the 2D drawings into 3D models, in calculating the energy efficiency on
248
DOI 10.1201/9781003193241-46
Wulandari et al (eds)
© 2021 The Author(s), ISBN 978-1-032-04451-4
The value of heterotopia space constructed by the hybridity of physical
and digital interior design
J. Hidayat
Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Indonesia
C. Dharmawan
Universitas Komputer Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia
ABSTRACT: Heterotopia is a theoretical concept referring to real space comprising characteristics such as ambiguous, temporary, contextual, personal, and illusive. It unveils the contradictive
hidden meaning. The advance of digital technology in design brings forth the hybridity that delivers
a spatial aesthetic experience in the form of an intervention space between the physical element
with its constant trait and the digital space that is temporary; between a more objective construction
of meaning and contextual or personal. The case study method was used in this study with objects
from the Museum of the Bible, the Vuitton store, and the Miguel Chevalier Digital Art Installation.
The result is that the value of heterotopia was used as a critique space and a representation of
identity crisis precipitated by the encounter between physical and digital space. It in turn stipulates
interior design to redefine the understanding of space. The meaning of space is a value which will
always be present in a process of negotiating and reinterpreting.
Keywords: heterotopia, hybrid, digital, interior, illusive
1 INTRODUCTION
Digital art was first introduced by Harold Cohen (1928–2016), a British painter and academic who
had been in the United States since 1968. In 1971, he published a drawing machine controlled
by a computer. Cohen then developed a computer program for the drawing composition of lines,
surfaces, and colors. The abstract drawing produced by this computer-controlled drawing machine
was brought to the public at the Los Angeles County Museum of Air (1972), La Jolla Museum
of Air in San Diego (1973), and the “Documenta” art exhibition in Kassel, Germany (1977).
Cohen subsequently enhanced a more elaborate computer program which enabled the drawing
machine to develop into a painting-fabricator machine that could produce figurative paintings such
as floras, human paintings, as well as making simulations of colors decided upon by an artist. In
the 1990s, this painting fabricator machine lost the competition to the printing machine which can
produce a replica of a colored picture on large-sized paper, including canvas for paintings who also
had unlimited opportunities for artists to create visual collages by combining images originating
from photos, videos, and computer paintings, turning them into new works of art. The artificial
intelligence, used to create paintings and the strategy of combining physical and digital images to
generate a novelty, merged into the design world including interior design.
The first application of computer technology in interior design occurred in the making of design
drawing, working drawing, and presentation drawing by using computer software such as AutoCAD
since 1982, 3D Max Animation since 2005, Adobe Illustrator since 1986, and Adobe Photoshop
since 1990, followed by design softwares for 2D and 3D drawings, such as SketchUp, TurboCad,
Revit, Archicad, Infurnia, and Live Home 3D. Computer technology was also used on 3D printing
machines to translate the 2D drawings into 3D models, in calculating the energy efficiency on
248
DOI 10.1201/9781003193241-46