more on the environmental impacts of their production waste. This motivates companies to be more
innovative in the activities of the production process and create better products, so as to balance the
development of industrial speed with the environment. Also, environmental groups have broadened
their scope by including social, economic, and environmental issues in the concept of sustainable
design.
1.2 Kick bike
Kick bikes are human-powered road vehicles with handlebars, a deck, and wheels driven by being
pushed using feet on the ground. Material that are used to make these vehicles are aluminum and
steel. The significant difference between conventional scooters is the dimensions of the frame and
wheels. On kick bikes, the frame dimensions are more extensive, with sizes based on the standard
geometry of the bike. The large frame size is because the targeted kick bike users are adults. Also,
the size of the wheels on the kick bike is more significant than the wheels on the scooter. The goal
is with large wheels, creating a more massive wheel rotation and making it easier for kick bikes to
pass various terrain or road types. A kick bike that will be designed is a combination of the form of
a bicycle and a scooter. Where this vehicle has large bicycle tires that are driven by being pushed
with legs like a scooter, this kick bike has dimensions according to the ergonomics of adults.
1.3 Electric motor
The electric motor is a tool to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. Tools that function
in reverse, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy, are called generators or dynamos.
Electric motors are in every household appliance such as fans, washing machines, water pumps,
and vacuum cleaners.
Today, the typical electric motor used for a modern electric bike is (a) BLDC or Brushless DC
motor drive. BLDC moto(r) drive is commonly used because it is easy to apply to the bike and also
more efficient (Ohio Electric Motors 2012). There are two models of BLDC motor drive: the first
BLDC mid-drive and the second, more popular one, are BLDC hub drives. BLDC hub drives are
made by putting the electricity into the wheel hub itself, while the stator is fixed solidly to the axle.
The bicycle wheel hub is the motor; the result is more powerful (and) more efficient.
1.4 Bike geometry
Figure 1. Geometry Info Race Max 20. (source: www.kickbike.com)
Vehicle geometry is the dimension of the vehicle and the driver’s position based on the concept
of ergonomics. The geometry is fundamental because it affects the comfort, safety, and handling
of the vehicle. The following is the kick bike geometry that will be the basis of the design; the
geometry refers to products from the kick bike (Kickbike.com)
189
innovative in the activities of the production process and create better products, so as to balance the
development of industrial speed with the environment. Also, environmental groups have broadened
their scope by including social, economic, and environmental issues in the concept of sustainable
design.
1.2 Kick bike
Kick bikes are human-powered road vehicles with handlebars, a deck, and wheels driven by being
pushed using feet on the ground. Material that are used to make these vehicles are aluminum and
steel. The significant difference between conventional scooters is the dimensions of the frame and
wheels. On kick bikes, the frame dimensions are more extensive, with sizes based on the standard
geometry of the bike. The large frame size is because the targeted kick bike users are adults. Also,
the size of the wheels on the kick bike is more significant than the wheels on the scooter. The goal
is with large wheels, creating a more massive wheel rotation and making it easier for kick bikes to
pass various terrain or road types. A kick bike that will be designed is a combination of the form of
a bicycle and a scooter. Where this vehicle has large bicycle tires that are driven by being pushed
with legs like a scooter, this kick bike has dimensions according to the ergonomics of adults.
1.3 Electric motor
The electric motor is a tool to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. Tools that function
in reverse, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy, are called generators or dynamos.
Electric motors are in every household appliance such as fans, washing machines, water pumps,
and vacuum cleaners.
Today, the typical electric motor used for a modern electric bike is (a) BLDC or Brushless DC
motor drive. BLDC moto(r) drive is commonly used because it is easy to apply to the bike and also
more efficient (Ohio Electric Motors 2012). There are two models of BLDC motor drive: the first
BLDC mid-drive and the second, more popular one, are BLDC hub drives. BLDC hub drives are
made by putting the electricity into the wheel hub itself, while the stator is fixed solidly to the axle.
The bicycle wheel hub is the motor; the result is more powerful (and) more efficient.
1.4 Bike geometry
Figure 1. Geometry Info Race Max 20. (source: www.kickbike.com)
Vehicle geometry is the dimension of the vehicle and the driver’s position based on the concept
of ergonomics. The geometry is fundamental because it affects the comfort, safety, and handling
of the vehicle. The following is the kick bike geometry that will be the basis of the design; the
geometry refers to products from the kick bike (Kickbike.com)
189