628
are involved in between thirty and forty per cent of industry fatalities. The ICMM is thus
coordinating the development of a knowledge hub to be used by the entire mining sector. The
ICMM hopes to eliminate these fatalities by making existing controls more reliable and by
introducing new controls such as collision avoidance technology (ICMM, 2018).
The development of technology to reduce the risks associated with earth moving equipment and its interaction with each other and with pedestrians is thus of global importance
and receiving attention on a large scale. This has presented an opportunity for developers of
collision management systems (CMS) to enter the market, not only in South Africa, but globally. Multiple suppliers have made use of this opportunity, often with products that are not
sufficiently tested or developed to address the significant challenges associated with the practical implementation of such systems, with a negative impact on production and unintended
consequences (possibly even resulting in less safe working conditions) as a result.
The Minerals Council of South Africa’s (MINCOSA) Mine Occupational Safety and
Health (MOSH) Technical Specification Guideline (Minerals Council of South Africa,
2018a) was developed to guide mines and CMS suppliers in the development and implementation process. The MINCOSA MOSH Technical Specification Guideline (Minerals Council
of South Africa, 2018a) provides information for the development of operation-specific technical specifications for CMS solutions. It expands on the nine (9) Control Levels introduced
by EMESRT in their performance requirement (EMESRT, 2016). Control Levels 7 through
9 are applicable to CMS. The Control Levels are defined as:
• Control Level 7 (L7) – Operator Awareness (where the operator is alerted to the proximity
of another TMM or person)
• Control Level 8 (L8) – Advisory Controls (where the operator is advised as to the appropriate action to be taken)
• Control Level 9 (L9) – Intervention Controls (where control is taken from the operator and
the TMM is brought to a safe stop)
The MINCOSA MOSH Technical Specification Guideline (Minerals Council of South
Africa, 2018a) recommends a technology development path for CMS solutions. The recommended development path includes several stage gates that involve lab-scale tests, single machine
and multiple machine tests before full roll-out of the CMS solution can commence. The objective of this paper is to present a test methodology with which such collision management systems can be evaluated at lab-scale and single machine level, along with some sample results.
2 TEST METHODOLOGY
Along with the MINCOSA MOSH Technical Specification Guideline, a Test Evaluation Guideline was developed (Minerals Council of South Africa, 2018b). The Test Evaluation Guideline
describes the specific test configurations to be carried out to test a CMS solution’s capability.
This section focuses on the lab-scale tests with brief explanations outlining the extension of the
approach to single machine tests to be conducted on actual TMMs at a pilot site that is representative of the end user operating environment. The intention of the lab-scale tests is to test
the CMS solution’s capability and not its integration with an actual TMM. The integration and
adaptation of the CMS to an actual TMM is tested during the single machine tests.
2.1 Test scope
The first step in evaluating CMS performance is defining the test scope. This scope comprises
scenarios, machine speeds and directions, and control levels. The scenarios are based on the
interaction scenarios defined by EMESRT (EMESRT, 2016). The speeds are chosen by the
CMS vendor and is ideally based on the risk assessment of the intended end user (the mine).
The control levels are based on the CMS vendor’s own stated capability. An example of a test
scope is shown in Figure 1, indicating the scenarios (see first column, based on EMESRT
scenarios), the movement direction and speed (see top rows) and the control level the CMS
are involved in between thirty and forty per cent of industry fatalities. The ICMM is thus
coordinating the development of a knowledge hub to be used by the entire mining sector. The
ICMM hopes to eliminate these fatalities by making existing controls more reliable and by
introducing new controls such as collision avoidance technology (ICMM, 2018).
The development of technology to reduce the risks associated with earth moving equipment and its interaction with each other and with pedestrians is thus of global importance
and receiving attention on a large scale. This has presented an opportunity for developers of
collision management systems (CMS) to enter the market, not only in South Africa, but globally. Multiple suppliers have made use of this opportunity, often with products that are not
sufficiently tested or developed to address the significant challenges associated with the practical implementation of such systems, with a negative impact on production and unintended
consequences (possibly even resulting in less safe working conditions) as a result.
The Minerals Council of South Africa’s (MINCOSA) Mine Occupational Safety and
Health (MOSH) Technical Specification Guideline (Minerals Council of South Africa,
2018a) was developed to guide mines and CMS suppliers in the development and implementation process. The MINCOSA MOSH Technical Specification Guideline (Minerals Council
of South Africa, 2018a) provides information for the development of operation-specific technical specifications for CMS solutions. It expands on the nine (9) Control Levels introduced
by EMESRT in their performance requirement (EMESRT, 2016). Control Levels 7 through
9 are applicable to CMS. The Control Levels are defined as:
• Control Level 7 (L7) – Operator Awareness (where the operator is alerted to the proximity
of another TMM or person)
• Control Level 8 (L8) – Advisory Controls (where the operator is advised as to the appropriate action to be taken)
• Control Level 9 (L9) – Intervention Controls (where control is taken from the operator and
the TMM is brought to a safe stop)
The MINCOSA MOSH Technical Specification Guideline (Minerals Council of South
Africa, 2018a) recommends a technology development path for CMS solutions. The recommended development path includes several stage gates that involve lab-scale tests, single machine
and multiple machine tests before full roll-out of the CMS solution can commence. The objective of this paper is to present a test methodology with which such collision management systems can be evaluated at lab-scale and single machine level, along with some sample results.
2 TEST METHODOLOGY
Along with the MINCOSA MOSH Technical Specification Guideline, a Test Evaluation Guideline was developed (Minerals Council of South Africa, 2018b). The Test Evaluation Guideline
describes the specific test configurations to be carried out to test a CMS solution’s capability.
This section focuses on the lab-scale tests with brief explanations outlining the extension of the
approach to single machine tests to be conducted on actual TMMs at a pilot site that is representative of the end user operating environment. The intention of the lab-scale tests is to test
the CMS solution’s capability and not its integration with an actual TMM. The integration and
adaptation of the CMS to an actual TMM is tested during the single machine tests.
2.1 Test scope
The first step in evaluating CMS performance is defining the test scope. This scope comprises
scenarios, machine speeds and directions, and control levels. The scenarios are based on the
interaction scenarios defined by EMESRT (EMESRT, 2016). The speeds are chosen by the
CMS vendor and is ideally based on the risk assessment of the intended end user (the mine).
The control levels are based on the CMS vendor’s own stated capability. An example of a test
scope is shown in Figure 1, indicating the scenarios (see first column, based on EMESRT
scenarios), the movement direction and speed (see top rows) and the control level the CMS