346
The implementation work of DMD was carried out in the following stages:
− Scanning and calibration of analog maps.
− Vectorization, adaptation of digital data. Printing and map control.
− Maps update—introducing changes to the model that occurred during the project.
− Creating derivative maps (overview and special). Weaving and control of the derived maps.
− Preparation of surveying—geological documentation.
− Inclusion of surface maps to the system.
− Modeling the effects of mining work in the rock mass and on the surface.
− Construction of a spatial model of mining excavations. Control of a model accomplish -
ment.
− DMD construction. Control and supplementing data. Calculation of hard coal resources.
− Data replication to the Oracle Spatial database. Performing analyzes, reports, queries,
documentation.
3 APPLICATION OF DMD ON THE EXAMPLE OF ONE OF THE COAL MINES
BEING A PART OF PGG S.A.
3.1 Data input
Entering data into the System creating the DMD at the stage of implementation works
was preceded by standardization in the scope of data and means of their transmission.
Defined, among others the structures of local and network catalogues and virtual disks,
the terminology of files, catalogues, objects, thematic layers, etc. The method and scope
of assigning permissions for individual user groups were determined. Objects on the given
layer were specified. According to the procedure adopted for realization of implementation works, the maps in the analogue format were scanned at 400 dpi (black and white), the
remaining 200 dpi. The main format of color files was JPG with the minimum compression
set = 10%; for TIFF CCITT Group 4 monochrome raster. Then raster images of the abovementioned maps were calibrated. The degree of polynomial for calibration was chosen
according to the rule: with evenly distributed 50 points, the 3rd degree was assumed, below
15 points affine transformation was assumed (first-order polynomial), the remaining ones
were calibrated with the second-degree polynomial. In total, during the implementation
phase, over 800 basic maps were scanned in the entire company (in the mine presented in
the example 100).
Raster images were manually vectorized, obtaining spatial data of the introduced objects.
The vectorization process was carried out in the application environment of GEOLISP. During vectorization, the GEOLISP software places individual objects on the right thematic
layers, completes the relevant additional data. The digital map is kept in the local coordinate
system and, additionally, its copy is created on an ongoing basis in a unified for the entire
company, the national coordinate system PL 2000system. The data is updated in the system
using the Geonet and GEOLISP softwares. Generally, in the system the point, line, surface
and complex objects are distinguished. The facilities have unique codes allowing their unambiguous identification. They are presented by means of conventional marks in accordance
with legal regulations and standards specified in Polish Standards—Mining Maps (Regulation 2015, Polish Standard) or conventional designations used on the base maps of the
surface. A fragment of the vectorized map of mining excavations, as part of implementation
works in the given mine, is shown in Figure 1.
In order to increase the accuracy of the map and the possibility of using objects on the map
for direct calculations, more important objects (e.g. geodetic control points) were introduced
based on the coordinates from direct measurements. The surface maps were also included
to the system. In total, around 7000 geodetic control points, 4000 boreholes, 1500 sections
of the basic maps in scales 1: 2000 and 1: 1000 were imported into the system of the entire
company. In the given mine, respectively, about 800 geodetic control points, 300 boreholes
and about 300 sections of basic maps.
The implementation work of DMD was carried out in the following stages:
− Scanning and calibration of analog maps.
− Vectorization, adaptation of digital data. Printing and map control.
− Maps update—introducing changes to the model that occurred during the project.
− Creating derivative maps (overview and special). Weaving and control of the derived maps.
− Preparation of surveying—geological documentation.
− Inclusion of surface maps to the system.
− Modeling the effects of mining work in the rock mass and on the surface.
− Construction of a spatial model of mining excavations. Control of a model accomplish -
ment.
− DMD construction. Control and supplementing data. Calculation of hard coal resources.
− Data replication to the Oracle Spatial database. Performing analyzes, reports, queries,
documentation.
3 APPLICATION OF DMD ON THE EXAMPLE OF ONE OF THE COAL MINES
BEING A PART OF PGG S.A.
3.1 Data input
Entering data into the System creating the DMD at the stage of implementation works
was preceded by standardization in the scope of data and means of their transmission.
Defined, among others the structures of local and network catalogues and virtual disks,
the terminology of files, catalogues, objects, thematic layers, etc. The method and scope
of assigning permissions for individual user groups were determined. Objects on the given
layer were specified. According to the procedure adopted for realization of implementation works, the maps in the analogue format were scanned at 400 dpi (black and white), the
remaining 200 dpi. The main format of color files was JPG with the minimum compression
set = 10%; for TIFF CCITT Group 4 monochrome raster. Then raster images of the abovementioned maps were calibrated. The degree of polynomial for calibration was chosen
according to the rule: with evenly distributed 50 points, the 3rd degree was assumed, below
15 points affine transformation was assumed (first-order polynomial), the remaining ones
were calibrated with the second-degree polynomial. In total, during the implementation
phase, over 800 basic maps were scanned in the entire company (in the mine presented in
the example 100).
Raster images were manually vectorized, obtaining spatial data of the introduced objects.
The vectorization process was carried out in the application environment of GEOLISP. During vectorization, the GEOLISP software places individual objects on the right thematic
layers, completes the relevant additional data. The digital map is kept in the local coordinate
system and, additionally, its copy is created on an ongoing basis in a unified for the entire
company, the national coordinate system PL 2000system. The data is updated in the system
using the Geonet and GEOLISP softwares. Generally, in the system the point, line, surface
and complex objects are distinguished. The facilities have unique codes allowing their unambiguous identification. They are presented by means of conventional marks in accordance
with legal regulations and standards specified in Polish Standards—Mining Maps (Regulation 2015, Polish Standard) or conventional designations used on the base maps of the
surface. A fragment of the vectorized map of mining excavations, as part of implementation
works in the given mine, is shown in Figure 1.
In order to increase the accuracy of the map and the possibility of using objects on the map
for direct calculations, more important objects (e.g. geodetic control points) were introduced
based on the coordinates from direct measurements. The surface maps were also included
to the system. In total, around 7000 geodetic control points, 4000 boreholes, 1500 sections
of the basic maps in scales 1: 2000 and 1: 1000 were imported into the system of the entire
company. In the given mine, respectively, about 800 geodetic control points, 300 boreholes
and about 300 sections of basic maps.