• The Growth behavior follows the icosahedral structure route.
• In the formation of ions, a larger number of unpaired electrons lead to greater
stability.
References
1. Cox AJ, Louderback JG, Bloomfield LA (1993) Experimental observation of magnetism in
rhodium clusters. Phys Rev Lett 71:923–926
2. Cox AJ, Louderback JG, Apsel SE, Bloomfield LA (1994) Magnetism in 4d-transition metal
clusters. Phys Rev B 4:12295–12298
3. Schmid G (2004) Nanoparticles from theory to applications. Wiley-VCH. ISBN 3527305076
4. Wei J, Iglesia E (2004) Structural requirements and reaction pathways in methane activation
and chemical conversion catalized by rhodium. J Catal 225:116–127
5. Nolte P, Stierle A, Jin-Phillipp NY, Kasper N, Schulli TU, Dosch H (2008) Shape changes of
supported Rh nanoparticles during oxidation and reduction cycles. Science 321:1654–1658
6. Loferty PJ (2013) Commodity report: platinum group metals. United States Geological
Survey
7. Heldings FM, Capka M (2003) Rhodium complexes as catalyst for hydrosilylation
crosslinking of silicone ruber. J Appl Polymer Sci 30(5):1837
8. Halligudi SB et al (1992) Hydrogenation of bencene to cycloexene catalized by Rhodium(I)
complex supported on montmorillonite clay. React Kinet Catal Lett 48(2):547–552
9. Cramer Stepen S Jr, Covino, Bernard (1990) ASM handbook materials park OH: ASM
international report pp 393–396
10. Harding DJ, Gruene P, Haertelt M, Meijer G, Fielicke A, Hamilton SM, Hopkins WS,
Mackenzie RS, Neville SP, Walsh TR (2010) Probing the structures of gas-phase rhodium
cluster cation by far-infrared spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 133:214304–214313
11. Harding DJ, Walsh TR, Hamilton SM, Hopkins WS, Mackenzie SR, Gruene P, Haertelt M,
Maijer G, Fielicke F (2010) Comunications: the structure of Rh 8
+ in the gas phase. J Chem
Phys 132:011101–011104
12. Knickelbin MB (2005) Phys Rev B 71:18444
13. Apsel SE, Emmert JW, Deng J, Bloomfield LA (1996) Surface-enhanced magnetism in nickel
clusters. Phys Rev Lett 76:1441
14. Douglas DC, Bucher JP, Bloomfield LA (1992) Magnetic studies of free ferromagnetic
clusters. Phys Rev B 45:6341–6344
15. Knickelbein MB (2001) Experimental observation of superparamagnetism in manganese
clusters. Phys Rev Lett 86:5255–5257
16. Knickelbein MB (2004) Magnetic ordering in manganese clusters. Phys Rev B 70:014424
17. Xu X, Yin S, Moro R, de Herr WA (2005) Magnetic moments and adiabatic magnetization of
free cobalt clusters. Phys Rev Lett 95:237209
18. Reddy BV, Khanna SN, Dunlap BI (1993) Giant magnetic moments of 4d clusters. Phys Rev
Lett 70:3323–3326
19. Bae YC, Kumar V, Osanai H, Kawazoe Y (2005) Cubic magic clusters of rhodium stabilized
with eight-center bonding: magnetism and growth. Phys Rev B 72:115427–115432
20. Chang CM, Chou MY (2004) Alternative low-symmetry structure for 13-atoms metal
clusters. Phys Rev Lett 93:133401–133404
21. Aguilera-Granja F, Rodríguez-López JL, Michaelian K, Berlanga-Ramírez EO, Vega A
(2002) structure and magnetism of small rhodium clusters. Phys Rev B 66:224410–224419
22. Wang LL, Johnson DD (2007) Density functional study of structural trends for
late-transition-metal 13-atoms clusters. Phys Rev B 75:235405–235409
Small Rhodium Clusters: A HF and DFT Study–III
225
• In the formation of ions, a larger number of unpaired electrons lead to greater
stability.
References
1. Cox AJ, Louderback JG, Bloomfield LA (1993) Experimental observation of magnetism in
rhodium clusters. Phys Rev Lett 71:923–926
2. Cox AJ, Louderback JG, Apsel SE, Bloomfield LA (1994) Magnetism in 4d-transition metal
clusters. Phys Rev B 4:12295–12298
3. Schmid G (2004) Nanoparticles from theory to applications. Wiley-VCH. ISBN 3527305076
4. Wei J, Iglesia E (2004) Structural requirements and reaction pathways in methane activation
and chemical conversion catalized by rhodium. J Catal 225:116–127
5. Nolte P, Stierle A, Jin-Phillipp NY, Kasper N, Schulli TU, Dosch H (2008) Shape changes of
supported Rh nanoparticles during oxidation and reduction cycles. Science 321:1654–1658
6. Loferty PJ (2013) Commodity report: platinum group metals. United States Geological
Survey
7. Heldings FM, Capka M (2003) Rhodium complexes as catalyst for hydrosilylation
crosslinking of silicone ruber. J Appl Polymer Sci 30(5):1837
8. Halligudi SB et al (1992) Hydrogenation of bencene to cycloexene catalized by Rhodium(I)
complex supported on montmorillonite clay. React Kinet Catal Lett 48(2):547–552
9. Cramer Stepen S Jr, Covino, Bernard (1990) ASM handbook materials park OH: ASM
international report pp 393–396
10. Harding DJ, Gruene P, Haertelt M, Meijer G, Fielicke A, Hamilton SM, Hopkins WS,
Mackenzie RS, Neville SP, Walsh TR (2010) Probing the structures of gas-phase rhodium
cluster cation by far-infrared spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 133:214304–214313
11. Harding DJ, Walsh TR, Hamilton SM, Hopkins WS, Mackenzie SR, Gruene P, Haertelt M,
Maijer G, Fielicke F (2010) Comunications: the structure of Rh 8
+ in the gas phase. J Chem
Phys 132:011101–011104
12. Knickelbin MB (2005) Phys Rev B 71:18444
13. Apsel SE, Emmert JW, Deng J, Bloomfield LA (1996) Surface-enhanced magnetism in nickel
clusters. Phys Rev Lett 76:1441
14. Douglas DC, Bucher JP, Bloomfield LA (1992) Magnetic studies of free ferromagnetic
clusters. Phys Rev B 45:6341–6344
15. Knickelbein MB (2001) Experimental observation of superparamagnetism in manganese
clusters. Phys Rev Lett 86:5255–5257
16. Knickelbein MB (2004) Magnetic ordering in manganese clusters. Phys Rev B 70:014424
17. Xu X, Yin S, Moro R, de Herr WA (2005) Magnetic moments and adiabatic magnetization of
free cobalt clusters. Phys Rev Lett 95:237209
18. Reddy BV, Khanna SN, Dunlap BI (1993) Giant magnetic moments of 4d clusters. Phys Rev
Lett 70:3323–3326
19. Bae YC, Kumar V, Osanai H, Kawazoe Y (2005) Cubic magic clusters of rhodium stabilized
with eight-center bonding: magnetism and growth. Phys Rev B 72:115427–115432
20. Chang CM, Chou MY (2004) Alternative low-symmetry structure for 13-atoms metal
clusters. Phys Rev Lett 93:133401–133404
21. Aguilera-Granja F, Rodríguez-López JL, Michaelian K, Berlanga-Ramírez EO, Vega A
(2002) structure and magnetism of small rhodium clusters. Phys Rev B 66:224410–224419
22. Wang LL, Johnson DD (2007) Density functional study of structural trends for
late-transition-metal 13-atoms clusters. Phys Rev B 75:235405–235409
Small Rhodium Clusters: A HF and DFT Study–III
225