208. Liu C, Wang K, Jiang JH, Liu WJ, Wang JY (2015) A novel bioflocculant produced by a salttolerant, alkaliphilic and biofilm-forming strain Bacillus agaradhaerens C9 and its application
in harvesting Chlorella minutissima UTEX2341. Biochem Eng J 93:166–172
209. Xu L, Yong H, Tu X, Wang Q, Fan J (2019) Physiological and proteomic analysis of Nostoc
flagelliforme in response to alkaline pH shift for polysaccharide accumulation. Algal Res
39:101444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2019.101444
210. Tenenbaum DJ (2008) Food vs. fuel: diversion of crops could cause more hunger. Environ
Health Perspect 116:A254–A257
211. Blomqvist J, Eberhard T, Schnürer J, Passoth V (2010) Fermentation characteristics of
Dekkera bruxellensis strains. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 87:1487–1497
212. Sharma A, Kawarabayasi Y, Satyanarayana T (2012) Acidophilic bacteria and archaea: acid
stable biocatalysts and their potential applications. Extremophiles 16:1–19
213. Jiang Y, Xin F, Lu J, Dong W, Zhang W, Zhang M et al (2017) State of the art review of
biofuels production from lignocellulose by thermophilic bacteria. Bioresour Technol 245
(Pt B):1498–1506
214. Mamo G (2019) Alkaline active hemicellulases. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol. https://doi.
org/10.1007/10_2019_101
215. Temudo MF, Kleerebezem R, van Loosdrecht MCM (2007) Influence of the pH on (open)
mixed culture fermentation of glucose: a chemostat study. Biotechnol Bioeng 98:69–79
216. Temudo MF, Muyzer G, Kleerebezem R, van Loosdrecht MC (2008) Diversity of microbial
communities in open mixed culture fermentations: impacts of the pH and carbon source. Appl
Microbiol Biotechnol 80:1121–1130
217. Wernick DG, Pontrelli SP, Pollock AW, Liao JC (2016) Sustainable biorefining in wastewater
by engineered extreme alkaliphile Bacillus marmarensis. Sci Rep 6:20224. https://doi.org/10.
1038/srep20224
218. Ananyev G, Carrieri D, Dismukes GC (2008) Optimization of metabolic capacity and flux
through environmental cues to maximize hydrogen production by the cyanobacterium
“Arthrospira (Spirulina) maxima”. Appl Environ Microbiol 74:6102–6113
219. Mussgnug JH, Klassen V, Schlüter A, Kruse O (2010) Microalgae as substrates for fermentative biogas production in a combined biorefinery concept. J Biotechnol 150:51–56
220. Santos AM, Janssen M, Lamers PP, Evers WAC, Wijffels RH (2012) Growth of oil accumulating microalga Neochloris oleoabundans under alkaline saline conditions. Bioresour
Technol 104:593–599
221. Bell TA, Prithiviraj B, Wahlen BD, Fields MW, Peyton BM (2016) A lipid-accumulating alga
maintains growth in outdoor, alkaliphilic raceway pond with mixed microbial communities.
Front Microbiol 6:1480. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01480
222. Chowdhury R, Keen PL, Tao W (2019) Fatty acid profile and energy efficiency of biodiesel
production from an alkaliphilic algae grown in the photobioreactor. Bioresour Technol Rep
6:229–236
223. Vadlamani A, Viamajala S, Pendyala B, Varanasi S (2017) Cultivation of microalgae at
extreme alkaline pH conditions: a novel approach for biofuel production. ACS Sustain
Chem Eng 5:7284–7294
224. Jiang X, Xue Y, Wang A, Wang L, Zhang G, Zeng Q, Yu B, Ma Y (2013) Efficient production
of polymer-grade l-lactate by an alkaliphilic Exiguobacterium sp. strain under nonsterile open
fermentation conditions. Bioresour Technol 143:665–668
225. Meng Y, Xue Y, Yu B, Gao C, Ma Y (2012) Efficient production of l-lactic acid with high
optical purity by alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. WL-S20. Bioresour Technol 116:334–339
226. Assavasirijinda N, Ge D, Yu B, Xue Y, Ma Y (2016) Efficient fermentative production of
polymer-grade d-lactate by an engineered alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. strain under non-sterile
conditions. Microb Cell Fact 15:3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-015-0408-0
227. Calabia BP, Tokiwa Y, Aiba S (2011) Fermentative production of l-(+)-lactic acid by an
alkaliphilic marine microorganism. Biotechnol Lett 33:1429–1433
Alkaliphiles: The Versatile Tools in Biotechnology
47
in harvesting Chlorella minutissima UTEX2341. Biochem Eng J 93:166–172
209. Xu L, Yong H, Tu X, Wang Q, Fan J (2019) Physiological and proteomic analysis of Nostoc
flagelliforme in response to alkaline pH shift for polysaccharide accumulation. Algal Res
39:101444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2019.101444
210. Tenenbaum DJ (2008) Food vs. fuel: diversion of crops could cause more hunger. Environ
Health Perspect 116:A254–A257
211. Blomqvist J, Eberhard T, Schnürer J, Passoth V (2010) Fermentation characteristics of
Dekkera bruxellensis strains. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 87:1487–1497
212. Sharma A, Kawarabayasi Y, Satyanarayana T (2012) Acidophilic bacteria and archaea: acid
stable biocatalysts and their potential applications. Extremophiles 16:1–19
213. Jiang Y, Xin F, Lu J, Dong W, Zhang W, Zhang M et al (2017) State of the art review of
biofuels production from lignocellulose by thermophilic bacteria. Bioresour Technol 245
(Pt B):1498–1506
214. Mamo G (2019) Alkaline active hemicellulases. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol. https://doi.
org/10.1007/10_2019_101
215. Temudo MF, Kleerebezem R, van Loosdrecht MCM (2007) Influence of the pH on (open)
mixed culture fermentation of glucose: a chemostat study. Biotechnol Bioeng 98:69–79
216. Temudo MF, Muyzer G, Kleerebezem R, van Loosdrecht MC (2008) Diversity of microbial
communities in open mixed culture fermentations: impacts of the pH and carbon source. Appl
Microbiol Biotechnol 80:1121–1130
217. Wernick DG, Pontrelli SP, Pollock AW, Liao JC (2016) Sustainable biorefining in wastewater
by engineered extreme alkaliphile Bacillus marmarensis. Sci Rep 6:20224. https://doi.org/10.
1038/srep20224
218. Ananyev G, Carrieri D, Dismukes GC (2008) Optimization of metabolic capacity and flux
through environmental cues to maximize hydrogen production by the cyanobacterium
“Arthrospira (Spirulina) maxima”. Appl Environ Microbiol 74:6102–6113
219. Mussgnug JH, Klassen V, Schlüter A, Kruse O (2010) Microalgae as substrates for fermentative biogas production in a combined biorefinery concept. J Biotechnol 150:51–56
220. Santos AM, Janssen M, Lamers PP, Evers WAC, Wijffels RH (2012) Growth of oil accumulating microalga Neochloris oleoabundans under alkaline saline conditions. Bioresour
Technol 104:593–599
221. Bell TA, Prithiviraj B, Wahlen BD, Fields MW, Peyton BM (2016) A lipid-accumulating alga
maintains growth in outdoor, alkaliphilic raceway pond with mixed microbial communities.
Front Microbiol 6:1480. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01480
222. Chowdhury R, Keen PL, Tao W (2019) Fatty acid profile and energy efficiency of biodiesel
production from an alkaliphilic algae grown in the photobioreactor. Bioresour Technol Rep
6:229–236
223. Vadlamani A, Viamajala S, Pendyala B, Varanasi S (2017) Cultivation of microalgae at
extreme alkaline pH conditions: a novel approach for biofuel production. ACS Sustain
Chem Eng 5:7284–7294
224. Jiang X, Xue Y, Wang A, Wang L, Zhang G, Zeng Q, Yu B, Ma Y (2013) Efficient production
of polymer-grade l-lactate by an alkaliphilic Exiguobacterium sp. strain under nonsterile open
fermentation conditions. Bioresour Technol 143:665–668
225. Meng Y, Xue Y, Yu B, Gao C, Ma Y (2012) Efficient production of l-lactic acid with high
optical purity by alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. WL-S20. Bioresour Technol 116:334–339
226. Assavasirijinda N, Ge D, Yu B, Xue Y, Ma Y (2016) Efficient fermentative production of
polymer-grade d-lactate by an engineered alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. strain under non-sterile
conditions. Microb Cell Fact 15:3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-015-0408-0
227. Calabia BP, Tokiwa Y, Aiba S (2011) Fermentative production of l-(+)-lactic acid by an
alkaliphilic marine microorganism. Biotechnol Lett 33:1429–1433
Alkaliphiles: The Versatile Tools in Biotechnology
47