65. Kirschner EM (1997) Soaps and detergents: despite price pressures, ingredients suppliers aim
to provide better quality and service, address environmental concerns, and introduced new
products. Chem Eng News 75:30–46
66. Chen SJ, Cheng CY, Chen TL (1998) Production of an alkaline lipase by Acinetobacter
radioresistens. J Ferment Bioeng 86:308–312
67. Cherif S, Sami M, Hadrich F, Abdelkafi S, Sayadi S (2011) A newly high alkaline lipase: an
ideal choice for application in detergent formulations. Lipids Health Dis 10:221
68. Wang YX, Srivastava KC, Shen GJ, Wang HY (1995) Thermostable alkaline lipase from a
newly isolated thermophilic Bacillus, strain A30-1 (ATCC 53841). J Ferment Bioeng
79:433–438
69. Ito S, Shikata S, Ozaki K, Kawai S, Okamoto K, Inoue S et al (1989) Alkaline cellulase for
laundry detergents: production by Bacillus sp. KSM-635 and enzymatic properties. Agric Biol
Chem 53:1275–1281
70. Karmakar M, Ray RR (2011) Current trends in research and application of microbial cellulases. Res J Microbiol 6:41–53
71. Bettiol JP, Showell MS (2002) Detergent compositions comprising a mannanase and a
protease, US Patent No. 6 376 445
72. Kumar BK, Balakrishnan H, Rele MV (2004) Compatibility of alkaline xylanases from an
alkaliphilic Bacillus NCL (87-6-10) with commercial detergents and proteases. J Ind
Microbiol Biotechnol 31:83–87
73. Bruhlmann F, Kim KS, Zimmerman W, Fletcher A (1994) Pectinolytic enzymes from
Actinomycetes for degumming of ramie bast fibers. Appl Environ Microbiol 60:2107–2112
74. Hoondal GS, Tiwari RP, Tewari R, Dahiya N, Beg QK (2002) Microbial alkaline pectinases
and their industrial applications: a review. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 59:409–418
75. Dalmay P, Smith A, Chotard T, Turner PS, Gloaguen V, Krausz P (2010) Properties of
cellulosic fibre reinforced plaster: influence of hemp or flax fibres on the properties of set
gypsum. J Mater Sci 45:793–803
76. Shah DU, Schubel PJ, Clifford MJ (2013) Can flax replace E-glass in structural composites? A
small wind turbine blade case study. Compos Part B 52:172–181
77. Takagi H (2019) Review of functional properties of natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites: thermal insulation, biodegradation and vibration damping properties. Adv Compos Mater
28:525–543
78. Cao J, Zheng L, Chen S (1992) Screening of pectinase producer from alkalophilic bacteria and
study on its potential application in degumming of ramie. Enzyme Microb Technol
14:1013–1016
79. Kapoor M, Beg QK, Bhushan B, Singh K, Dadhich KS, Hoondal GS (2001) Application of an
alkaline and thermostable polygalacturonase from Bacillus sp. MG-cp-2 in degumming of
ramie (Boehmeria nivea) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) bast fibers. Process Biochem
36:803–807
80. Kobayashi T, Higaki N, Suzumatsu A, Sawada K, Hagihar H, Kawai S, Ito S (2001)
Purification and properties of a high-molecular-weight, alkaline exopolygalacturonase from
a strain of Bacillus. Enzyme Microb Technol 29:70–75
81. Kobayashi T, Koike K, Yoshimatsu T, Higaki N, Suzumatsu A, Ozawa T et al (1999)
Purification and properties of a low-molecular-weight, high-alkaline pectate lyase from an
alkaliphilic strain of Bacillus. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 63:65–72
82. Sorokin D, Panteleeva A, Tourova T, Kaparullina E, Muyzer G (2011) Natronoflexus
pectinivorans gen. nov. sp. nov., an obligately anaerobic and alkaliphilic fermentative member
of bacteroidetes from soda lakes. Extremophiles 15:691–696
83. Doshi R, Shelke V (2001) Enzymes in the textile industry-an environment-friendly approach.
Indian J Fibre Text Res 26:202–206
84. Shelke V (2001) Enzymatic decolourization of denims: a novel approach. Colourage 48(1):25
85. Anish R, Rahman MS, Rao M (2007) Application of cellulases from an alkalothermophilic
Thermomonospora sp. in biopolishing of denims. Biotechnol Bioeng 96:48–56
40
G. Mamo and B. Mattiasson
to provide better quality and service, address environmental concerns, and introduced new
products. Chem Eng News 75:30–46
66. Chen SJ, Cheng CY, Chen TL (1998) Production of an alkaline lipase by Acinetobacter
radioresistens. J Ferment Bioeng 86:308–312
67. Cherif S, Sami M, Hadrich F, Abdelkafi S, Sayadi S (2011) A newly high alkaline lipase: an
ideal choice for application in detergent formulations. Lipids Health Dis 10:221
68. Wang YX, Srivastava KC, Shen GJ, Wang HY (1995) Thermostable alkaline lipase from a
newly isolated thermophilic Bacillus, strain A30-1 (ATCC 53841). J Ferment Bioeng
79:433–438
69. Ito S, Shikata S, Ozaki K, Kawai S, Okamoto K, Inoue S et al (1989) Alkaline cellulase for
laundry detergents: production by Bacillus sp. KSM-635 and enzymatic properties. Agric Biol
Chem 53:1275–1281
70. Karmakar M, Ray RR (2011) Current trends in research and application of microbial cellulases. Res J Microbiol 6:41–53
71. Bettiol JP, Showell MS (2002) Detergent compositions comprising a mannanase and a
protease, US Patent No. 6 376 445
72. Kumar BK, Balakrishnan H, Rele MV (2004) Compatibility of alkaline xylanases from an
alkaliphilic Bacillus NCL (87-6-10) with commercial detergents and proteases. J Ind
Microbiol Biotechnol 31:83–87
73. Bruhlmann F, Kim KS, Zimmerman W, Fletcher A (1994) Pectinolytic enzymes from
Actinomycetes for degumming of ramie bast fibers. Appl Environ Microbiol 60:2107–2112
74. Hoondal GS, Tiwari RP, Tewari R, Dahiya N, Beg QK (2002) Microbial alkaline pectinases
and their industrial applications: a review. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 59:409–418
75. Dalmay P, Smith A, Chotard T, Turner PS, Gloaguen V, Krausz P (2010) Properties of
cellulosic fibre reinforced plaster: influence of hemp or flax fibres on the properties of set
gypsum. J Mater Sci 45:793–803
76. Shah DU, Schubel PJ, Clifford MJ (2013) Can flax replace E-glass in structural composites? A
small wind turbine blade case study. Compos Part B 52:172–181
77. Takagi H (2019) Review of functional properties of natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites: thermal insulation, biodegradation and vibration damping properties. Adv Compos Mater
28:525–543
78. Cao J, Zheng L, Chen S (1992) Screening of pectinase producer from alkalophilic bacteria and
study on its potential application in degumming of ramie. Enzyme Microb Technol
14:1013–1016
79. Kapoor M, Beg QK, Bhushan B, Singh K, Dadhich KS, Hoondal GS (2001) Application of an
alkaline and thermostable polygalacturonase from Bacillus sp. MG-cp-2 in degumming of
ramie (Boehmeria nivea) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) bast fibers. Process Biochem
36:803–807
80. Kobayashi T, Higaki N, Suzumatsu A, Sawada K, Hagihar H, Kawai S, Ito S (2001)
Purification and properties of a high-molecular-weight, alkaline exopolygalacturonase from
a strain of Bacillus. Enzyme Microb Technol 29:70–75
81. Kobayashi T, Koike K, Yoshimatsu T, Higaki N, Suzumatsu A, Ozawa T et al (1999)
Purification and properties of a low-molecular-weight, high-alkaline pectate lyase from an
alkaliphilic strain of Bacillus. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 63:65–72
82. Sorokin D, Panteleeva A, Tourova T, Kaparullina E, Muyzer G (2011) Natronoflexus
pectinivorans gen. nov. sp. nov., an obligately anaerobic and alkaliphilic fermentative member
of bacteroidetes from soda lakes. Extremophiles 15:691–696
83. Doshi R, Shelke V (2001) Enzymes in the textile industry-an environment-friendly approach.
Indian J Fibre Text Res 26:202–206
84. Shelke V (2001) Enzymatic decolourization of denims: a novel approach. Colourage 48(1):25
85. Anish R, Rahman MS, Rao M (2007) Application of cellulases from an alkalothermophilic
Thermomonospora sp. in biopolishing of denims. Biotechnol Bioeng 96:48–56
40
G. Mamo and B. Mattiasson