Index
A
Alkaline
active enzymes (see Alkaline active
enzymes)
conditions, 206–207
environments (see Alkaline environments)
extracellular biomolecules, 115–117
habitats (see Habitats)
man-made, 63–64
near-bottom, 62–63
starch-modifying enzymes, 227–238
Alkaline active enzymes
α–amylases, 226
detergent formulation, 11–13
extracellular enzymes, 10
extremophile groups, 249
nitroaromatic compounds, 34
paper and pulp processing, 15–17
paper recycling, 17–18
synthesis, 18–21
textile and fiber processing
bast fiber degumming, 14
bioscouring of cotton, 13–14
biostoning, 14–15
therapeutic applications, 21
See also Alkaliphiles
Alkaline active hemicellulases
applications
animal feed, 276–277
beverages, 278
biorefinery, 275–276
detergent, 273
food, 277–278
pulp and paper, 270–273
textile and fiber processing, 274
xylo-and mannooligosaccharides,
274–275
catalysis mechanism, 268–270
modular organization, 265–266
multiplicity of xylanases and mannanases,
263–265
properties
mannanases, 261–263
xylanases, 258–261
structural features, 266–268
Alkaline active protease, 11, 12, 19, 20, 23, 202
Alkaline active starch-modifying enzymes
CDs, 230–233
detergent industry, 227–228
food industry, 233–235
leather industry, 237–238
maltoligosaccharides, 228–230
starch-degrading amylases, 235–236
textile industry, 236
waste water treatment, 236–237
Alkaline environments
adaptation, 146
bioavailability, 117
buffering capacity, 55
electrical gradient, 119
functional adaptive features, 9
human activities, 63
insect guts, 88
metal-contaminated, 173
natural and manmade, 9
neutralophiles, 92
photoautotrophic producers, 137
pH value, 60
proton gradient, 90
soda lakes, 24
343