production of biofuels, chemicals, and materials. The emerging biorefinery concept
is intended to facilitate the transfer of petro-based economy to more sustainable
bio-based economy, which relies largely on lignocellulosic biomass. Thus, valorization of at least the major polysaccharide constituents of plant biomass should be
within the scope of the sustainable development scenario. However, despite the
recent activities, the major effort and success have been focused on cellulose and
mostly sidelined the valorization of hemicelluloses. This might be partly due to the
inability of the common industrial strains such as yeast in metabolizing the pentose
sugars of hemicelluloses. In the last decade, there has been an impressive range of
studies which aim to develop industrial strains and processes that can valorize
hemicelluloses. The list of organisms that able to metabolize hemicellulose hydrolysates and produce a variety of chemicals is growing with time. Indeed, with the
emergence of systems metabolic engineering which integrates genetic engineering,
systems biology, and synthetic biology disciplines, the repertoire of chemical that
can be produced from hemicellulose hydrolysates will be astonishing. Thus, the
future of alkaline active xylanases and mannanases is expected to be remarkable.
References
1. Bhat MK (2000) Cellulases and related enzymes in biotechnology. Biotechnol Adv
18:355–383
2. Burlacu A, Cornea CP, Israel-Roming F (2016) Microbial xylanase: a review. Sci Bull Ser F
Biotechnol 20:335–342
3. Li X, Chang SH, Liu R (2018) Industrial applications of cellulases and hemicellulases. In:
Fang X, Qu Y (eds) Fungal cellulolytic enzymes. Springer, Singapore
4. Mamo G, Faryar R, Nordberg Karlsson E (2013) Microbial glycoside hydrolases for biomass
utilization in biofuels application. In: Gupta VK, Tuhoy MG (eds) Biofuel technologies: recent
developments. Springer, Berlin, pp 171–188
5. Horváth IT (2018) Introduction: sustainable chemistry. Chem Rev 118:369–371
6. Kumar R, Singh S, Singh OV (2008) Bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass: biochemical
and molecular perspectives. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 35:377–391
7. Isikgor FH, Becer CR (2015) Lignocellulosic biomass: a sustainable platform for the production of bio-based chemicals and polymers. Polym Chem 6:4497–4559
8. Kohli K, Prajapati R, Sharma BK (2019) Bio-based chemicals from renewable biomass for
integrated biorefineries. Energies 12:233
9. Roddy DJ (2013) Biomass in a petrochemical world. Interface Focus 3:20120038. https://doi.
org/10.1098/rsfs.2012.0038
10. Ravella SR, Gallagher J, Fish S, Prakasham RS (2012) Overview on commercial production of
xylitol, economic analysis and market trends. In: da Silva S, Chandel A (eds) D-xylitol.
Springer, Berlin, pp 291–306
11. Robak K, Balcerek M (2018) Review of second generation bioethanol production from
residual biomass. Food Technol Biotechnol 56:174–187
12. Collins T, Gerday C, Feller G (2005) Xylanases, xylanase families and extremophilic
xylanases. FEMS Microbiol Rev 29:3–23
13. Srivastava P, Appu Rao AR, Kapoor M (2014) Structural insights into the thermal stability of
endo-mannanase belonging to family 26 from Bacillus sp. CFR1601. FASEB J 28:580.2
280
G. Mamo
is intended to facilitate the transfer of petro-based economy to more sustainable
bio-based economy, which relies largely on lignocellulosic biomass. Thus, valorization of at least the major polysaccharide constituents of plant biomass should be
within the scope of the sustainable development scenario. However, despite the
recent activities, the major effort and success have been focused on cellulose and
mostly sidelined the valorization of hemicelluloses. This might be partly due to the
inability of the common industrial strains such as yeast in metabolizing the pentose
sugars of hemicelluloses. In the last decade, there has been an impressive range of
studies which aim to develop industrial strains and processes that can valorize
hemicelluloses. The list of organisms that able to metabolize hemicellulose hydrolysates and produce a variety of chemicals is growing with time. Indeed, with the
emergence of systems metabolic engineering which integrates genetic engineering,
systems biology, and synthetic biology disciplines, the repertoire of chemical that
can be produced from hemicellulose hydrolysates will be astonishing. Thus, the
future of alkaline active xylanases and mannanases is expected to be remarkable.
References
1. Bhat MK (2000) Cellulases and related enzymes in biotechnology. Biotechnol Adv
18:355–383
2. Burlacu A, Cornea CP, Israel-Roming F (2016) Microbial xylanase: a review. Sci Bull Ser F
Biotechnol 20:335–342
3. Li X, Chang SH, Liu R (2018) Industrial applications of cellulases and hemicellulases. In:
Fang X, Qu Y (eds) Fungal cellulolytic enzymes. Springer, Singapore
4. Mamo G, Faryar R, Nordberg Karlsson E (2013) Microbial glycoside hydrolases for biomass
utilization in biofuels application. In: Gupta VK, Tuhoy MG (eds) Biofuel technologies: recent
developments. Springer, Berlin, pp 171–188
5. Horváth IT (2018) Introduction: sustainable chemistry. Chem Rev 118:369–371
6. Kumar R, Singh S, Singh OV (2008) Bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass: biochemical
and molecular perspectives. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 35:377–391
7. Isikgor FH, Becer CR (2015) Lignocellulosic biomass: a sustainable platform for the production of bio-based chemicals and polymers. Polym Chem 6:4497–4559
8. Kohli K, Prajapati R, Sharma BK (2019) Bio-based chemicals from renewable biomass for
integrated biorefineries. Energies 12:233
9. Roddy DJ (2013) Biomass in a petrochemical world. Interface Focus 3:20120038. https://doi.
org/10.1098/rsfs.2012.0038
10. Ravella SR, Gallagher J, Fish S, Prakasham RS (2012) Overview on commercial production of
xylitol, economic analysis and market trends. In: da Silva S, Chandel A (eds) D-xylitol.
Springer, Berlin, pp 291–306
11. Robak K, Balcerek M (2018) Review of second generation bioethanol production from
residual biomass. Food Technol Biotechnol 56:174–187
12. Collins T, Gerday C, Feller G (2005) Xylanases, xylanase families and extremophilic
xylanases. FEMS Microbiol Rev 29:3–23
13. Srivastava P, Appu Rao AR, Kapoor M (2014) Structural insights into the thermal stability of
endo-mannanase belonging to family 26 from Bacillus sp. CFR1601. FASEB J 28:580.2
280
G. Mamo