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83. van der Veen BA, Uitdehaag JC, Dijkstra BW, Dijkhuizen L (2000) Engineering of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase reaction and product specificity. Biochim Biophys Acta
1543:336–360
84. Parsiegla G, Schmidt AK, Schulz GE Substrate binding to a cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase
and mutations increasing the γ-cyclodextrin production. Eur J Biochem 255:710–717
85. Lee K-W, Shin H-D, Lee Y-H (2003) Catalytic function and affinity purification of sitedirected mutant β-cyclodextrin glucanotransferase from alkalophilic Bacillus firmus var.
alkalophilus. J Mol Catal B: Enzym 26:157–165
86. Wang L, Duan X, Wu J (2016) Enhancing the α-cyclodextrin specificity of cyclodextrin
glycosyltransferase from Paenibacillus macerans by mutagenesis masking subsite -7. Appl
Environ Microbiol 82:2247–2255
87. Feng T, Zhuang H, Ran Y (2011) The application of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase
in biological science. J Bioequiv Bioavailab 3:202–206
88. Taira H, Nagase H, Endo T, Ueda H (2006) Isolation, purification and characterization of
large-ring cyclodextrins (CD 36 –CD 39 ). J Incl Phenom Macrocycl Chem 56:23–28
89. Zheng M, Endo T, Zimmermann W (2002) Synthesis of large-ring cyclodextrins by cyclodextrin glucanotransferases from bacterial isolates. J Incl Phenom 44:387–390
90. Svensson D, Ulvenlund S, Adlercreutz P (2009) Efficient synthesis of a long carbohydrate
chain alkyl glycoside catalyzed by cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase). Biotechnol
Bioeng 104:854–861
91. Svensson D, Adlercreutz P (2011) Immobilisation of CGTase for continuous production
of long-carbohydrate-chain alkyl glycosides Control of product distribution by flow rate
adjustment. J Mol Catal B: Enzym 69:147–153
92. Svensson D, Adlercreutz P (2011) Characterisation of a glycosylated alkyl polyglycoside
produced by a cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase by HPLC-ELSD and -MS. J Chromatogr B
879:1857–1860
93. Simair AA, Khushk I, Qureshi AS, Bhutto MA, Chaudhry HA, Ansari KA, Lu C (2017)
Amylase production from thermophilic Bacillus sp. BCC 021-50 isolated from a marine
environment. Fermentation 3:1–12
94. Hamilton LM, Kelly CT, Fogarty WM (1999) Production and properties of the raw starchdigesting α-amylase of Bacillus sp. IMD 435. Process Biochem 35:27–31
95. Asgher M, Javaid Asad M, Rahman S, Legge R (2007) A thermostable α-amylase from a
moderately thermophilic Bacillus subtilis strain for starch processing. J Food Eng 79:950–955
96. Asha R, Nyonzima FN, Sunil SM (2013) Purification and properties of pullulanase from
Bacillus halodurans. Int Res J Biol Sci 2:35–43
97. Spendler T, Jorgensen OB (1997) Use of a branching enzyme in baking. Patent
no. PCT/DK1997/000202
98. Cole MS (1982) Antistaling baking composition. Patent no. US05862653
99. Stefanis VAD, Turner EW (1981) Modified enzyme system to inhibit bread firming method for
preparing same and use of same in bread and other bakery products. Patent no. US4299848A
100. Würsch P, Gumy D (1994) Inhibition of amylopectin retrogradation by partial betaamylolysis. Carbohydr Res 256:129–137
101. Olesen T (1991) Antistaling process and agent. Patent no. PCT/DK1990/000244
102. Okada S, Kitahata S, Yoshikawa S, Sugimoto T, Sugimoto K (1984) Process for the
production of branching enzyme, and a method for improving the qualities of food products
therewith. Patent no. US4454161A
103. Carroll JO, Boyce COL, Wong TM, Starace CA (1987) Bread antistaling method. Patent
no. US06760877
104. Vidal FD, Gerrity AB (1979) Antistaling agent for bakery products. Patent no. US05788193
Starch-Modifying Enzymes
243
γ-cyclodextrin. In: Twenty-first symposium on biotechnology for fuels and chemicals,
Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, pp 955–962
83. van der Veen BA, Uitdehaag JC, Dijkstra BW, Dijkhuizen L (2000) Engineering of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase reaction and product specificity. Biochim Biophys Acta
1543:336–360
84. Parsiegla G, Schmidt AK, Schulz GE Substrate binding to a cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase
and mutations increasing the γ-cyclodextrin production. Eur J Biochem 255:710–717
85. Lee K-W, Shin H-D, Lee Y-H (2003) Catalytic function and affinity purification of sitedirected mutant β-cyclodextrin glucanotransferase from alkalophilic Bacillus firmus var.
alkalophilus. J Mol Catal B: Enzym 26:157–165
86. Wang L, Duan X, Wu J (2016) Enhancing the α-cyclodextrin specificity of cyclodextrin
glycosyltransferase from Paenibacillus macerans by mutagenesis masking subsite -7. Appl
Environ Microbiol 82:2247–2255
87. Feng T, Zhuang H, Ran Y (2011) The application of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase
in biological science. J Bioequiv Bioavailab 3:202–206
88. Taira H, Nagase H, Endo T, Ueda H (2006) Isolation, purification and characterization of
large-ring cyclodextrins (CD 36 –CD 39 ). J Incl Phenom Macrocycl Chem 56:23–28
89. Zheng M, Endo T, Zimmermann W (2002) Synthesis of large-ring cyclodextrins by cyclodextrin glucanotransferases from bacterial isolates. J Incl Phenom 44:387–390
90. Svensson D, Ulvenlund S, Adlercreutz P (2009) Efficient synthesis of a long carbohydrate
chain alkyl glycoside catalyzed by cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase). Biotechnol
Bioeng 104:854–861
91. Svensson D, Adlercreutz P (2011) Immobilisation of CGTase for continuous production
of long-carbohydrate-chain alkyl glycosides Control of product distribution by flow rate
adjustment. J Mol Catal B: Enzym 69:147–153
92. Svensson D, Adlercreutz P (2011) Characterisation of a glycosylated alkyl polyglycoside
produced by a cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase by HPLC-ELSD and -MS. J Chromatogr B
879:1857–1860
93. Simair AA, Khushk I, Qureshi AS, Bhutto MA, Chaudhry HA, Ansari KA, Lu C (2017)
Amylase production from thermophilic Bacillus sp. BCC 021-50 isolated from a marine
environment. Fermentation 3:1–12
94. Hamilton LM, Kelly CT, Fogarty WM (1999) Production and properties of the raw starchdigesting α-amylase of Bacillus sp. IMD 435. Process Biochem 35:27–31
95. Asgher M, Javaid Asad M, Rahman S, Legge R (2007) A thermostable α-amylase from a
moderately thermophilic Bacillus subtilis strain for starch processing. J Food Eng 79:950–955
96. Asha R, Nyonzima FN, Sunil SM (2013) Purification and properties of pullulanase from
Bacillus halodurans. Int Res J Biol Sci 2:35–43
97. Spendler T, Jorgensen OB (1997) Use of a branching enzyme in baking. Patent
no. PCT/DK1997/000202
98. Cole MS (1982) Antistaling baking composition. Patent no. US05862653
99. Stefanis VAD, Turner EW (1981) Modified enzyme system to inhibit bread firming method for
preparing same and use of same in bread and other bakery products. Patent no. US4299848A
100. Würsch P, Gumy D (1994) Inhibition of amylopectin retrogradation by partial betaamylolysis. Carbohydr Res 256:129–137
101. Olesen T (1991) Antistaling process and agent. Patent no. PCT/DK1990/000244
102. Okada S, Kitahata S, Yoshikawa S, Sugimoto T, Sugimoto K (1984) Process for the
production of branching enzyme, and a method for improving the qualities of food products
therewith. Patent no. US4454161A
103. Carroll JO, Boyce COL, Wong TM, Starace CA (1987) Bread antistaling method. Patent
no. US06760877
104. Vidal FD, Gerrity AB (1979) Antistaling agent for bakery products. Patent no. US05788193
Starch-Modifying Enzymes
243