2. van der Maarel MJEC, van der Veen B, Uitdehaag JCM, Leemhuis H, Dijkhuizen L (2002)
Properties and applications of starch-converting enzymes of the alpha-amylase family.
J Biotechnol 94:137–155
3. Janecek S (1997) alpha-Amylase family: molecular biology and evolution. Prog Biophys Mol
Biol 67:67–97
4. Janecek S (2000) Amylolytic enzymes: their specificities, origins and properties. BiologiaBratislava 55:605–615
5. Kuriki T, Imanaka T (1999) The concept of the alpha-amylase family: structural similarity
and common catalytic mechanism. J Biosci Bioeng 87:557–565
6. Vihinen M, Mäntsälä P (1989) Microbial amylolytic enzymes. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol
24:329–418
7. Rajagopalan G, Krishnan C (2008) Alpha-amylase production from catabolite derepressed
Bacillus subtilis KCC103 utilizing sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate. Bioresour Technol
99:3044–3050
8. Reddy NS, Nimmagadda A, Sambasiva Rao KRS (2003) An overview of the microbial
α-amylase family. Afr J Biotechnol 2:645–648
9. Hmidet N, El-Hadj Ali N, Haddar A, Kanoun S, Alya S-K, Nasri M (2009) Alkaline proteases
and thermostable α-amylase co-produced by Bacillus licheniformis NH1: characterization and
potential application as detergent additive. Biochem Eng J 47:71–79
10. Gupta R, Gigras P, Mohapatra H, Goswami VK, Chauhan B (2003) Microbial α-amylases:
a biotechnological perspective. Process Biochem 38:1599–1616
11. Pandey A, Nigam P, Soccol CR, Soccol VT, Singh D, Mohan R (2000) Advances in microbial
amylases. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 31(Pt 2):135–152
12. Kandra L (2003) α-Amylases of medical and industrial importance. J Mol Struct
(THEOCHEM) 666–667:487–498
13. Kirk O, Borchert TV, Fuglsang CC (2002) Industrial enzyme applications. Curr Opin
Biotechnol 13:345–351
14. de Souza PM, de Oliveira Magalhães P (2010) Application of microbial α-amylase in industry
– a review. Braz J Microbiol 41:850–861
15. Mobini-Dehkordi M, Javan FA (2012) Application of alpha-amylase in biotechnology.
J Biol Today’s World 1:15–20
16. Vaidya S, Srivastava PK, Rathore DP, Pandey AK (2015) Amylases: a prospective enzyme
in the field of biotechnology, vol 41, pp 1–18
17. Horikoshi K (1971) Production of alkaline enzymes by alkalophilic microorganisms
part II. Alkaline amylase produced by Bacillus No. A-40-2. Agric Biol Chem 35:1783–1791
18. Yamamoto M, Tanaka Y, Horikoshi K (1972) Alkaline amylases of alkalophilic bacteria.
Agric Biol Chem 36:1819–1823
19. Mitidieri S, Souza Martinelli AH, Schrank A, Vainstein MH (2006) Enzymatic detergent
formulation containing amylase from Aspergillus niger: a comparative study with commercial
detergent formulations. Bioresour Technol 97:1217–1224
20. Mukherjee AK, Borah M, Rai SK (2009) To study the influence of different components of
fermentable substrates on induction of extracellular α-amylase synthesis by Bacillus subtilis
DM-03 in solid-state fermentation and exploration of feasibility for inclusion of α-amylase in
laundry detergent formulations. Biochem Eng J 43:149–156
21. Olsen HS, Falholt P (1998) The role of enzymes in modern detergency. J Surfactant Deterg
1:555–567
22. Chi M-C, Chen Y-H, Wu T-J, Lo H-F, Lin L-L (2010) Engineering of a truncated α-amylase of
Bacillus sp. strain TS-23 for the simultaneous improvement of thermal and oxidative stabilities. J Biosci Bioeng 109:531–538
23. Vallee BL, Stein EA, Sumerwell WN, Fischer EH (1959) Metal content of alpha-amylases of
various origins. J Biol Chem 234:2901–2905
24. Janeček Š, Baláž Š (1992) α-Amylases and approaches leading to their enhanced stability.
FEBS Lett 304:1–3
Starch-Modifying Enzymes
239
Properties and applications of starch-converting enzymes of the alpha-amylase family.
J Biotechnol 94:137–155
3. Janecek S (1997) alpha-Amylase family: molecular biology and evolution. Prog Biophys Mol
Biol 67:67–97
4. Janecek S (2000) Amylolytic enzymes: their specificities, origins and properties. BiologiaBratislava 55:605–615
5. Kuriki T, Imanaka T (1999) The concept of the alpha-amylase family: structural similarity
and common catalytic mechanism. J Biosci Bioeng 87:557–565
6. Vihinen M, Mäntsälä P (1989) Microbial amylolytic enzymes. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol
24:329–418
7. Rajagopalan G, Krishnan C (2008) Alpha-amylase production from catabolite derepressed
Bacillus subtilis KCC103 utilizing sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate. Bioresour Technol
99:3044–3050
8. Reddy NS, Nimmagadda A, Sambasiva Rao KRS (2003) An overview of the microbial
α-amylase family. Afr J Biotechnol 2:645–648
9. Hmidet N, El-Hadj Ali N, Haddar A, Kanoun S, Alya S-K, Nasri M (2009) Alkaline proteases
and thermostable α-amylase co-produced by Bacillus licheniformis NH1: characterization and
potential application as detergent additive. Biochem Eng J 47:71–79
10. Gupta R, Gigras P, Mohapatra H, Goswami VK, Chauhan B (2003) Microbial α-amylases:
a biotechnological perspective. Process Biochem 38:1599–1616
11. Pandey A, Nigam P, Soccol CR, Soccol VT, Singh D, Mohan R (2000) Advances in microbial
amylases. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 31(Pt 2):135–152
12. Kandra L (2003) α-Amylases of medical and industrial importance. J Mol Struct
(THEOCHEM) 666–667:487–498
13. Kirk O, Borchert TV, Fuglsang CC (2002) Industrial enzyme applications. Curr Opin
Biotechnol 13:345–351
14. de Souza PM, de Oliveira Magalhães P (2010) Application of microbial α-amylase in industry
– a review. Braz J Microbiol 41:850–861
15. Mobini-Dehkordi M, Javan FA (2012) Application of alpha-amylase in biotechnology.
J Biol Today’s World 1:15–20
16. Vaidya S, Srivastava PK, Rathore DP, Pandey AK (2015) Amylases: a prospective enzyme
in the field of biotechnology, vol 41, pp 1–18
17. Horikoshi K (1971) Production of alkaline enzymes by alkalophilic microorganisms
part II. Alkaline amylase produced by Bacillus No. A-40-2. Agric Biol Chem 35:1783–1791
18. Yamamoto M, Tanaka Y, Horikoshi K (1972) Alkaline amylases of alkalophilic bacteria.
Agric Biol Chem 36:1819–1823
19. Mitidieri S, Souza Martinelli AH, Schrank A, Vainstein MH (2006) Enzymatic detergent
formulation containing amylase from Aspergillus niger: a comparative study with commercial
detergent formulations. Bioresour Technol 97:1217–1224
20. Mukherjee AK, Borah M, Rai SK (2009) To study the influence of different components of
fermentable substrates on induction of extracellular α-amylase synthesis by Bacillus subtilis
DM-03 in solid-state fermentation and exploration of feasibility for inclusion of α-amylase in
laundry detergent formulations. Biochem Eng J 43:149–156
21. Olsen HS, Falholt P (1998) The role of enzymes in modern detergency. J Surfactant Deterg
1:555–567
22. Chi M-C, Chen Y-H, Wu T-J, Lo H-F, Lin L-L (2010) Engineering of a truncated α-amylase of
Bacillus sp. strain TS-23 for the simultaneous improvement of thermal and oxidative stabilities. J Biosci Bioeng 109:531–538
23. Vallee BL, Stein EA, Sumerwell WN, Fischer EH (1959) Metal content of alpha-amylases of
various origins. J Biol Chem 234:2901–2905
24. Janeček Š, Baláž Š (1992) α-Amylases and approaches leading to their enhanced stability.
FEBS Lett 304:1–3
Starch-Modifying Enzymes
239