24. Sabotič J, Kos J (2012) Microbial and fungal protease inhibitors – current and potential
applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 93(4):1351–1375
25. Sawant R, Nagendran S (2014) Protease: an enzyme with multiple industrial applications.
World J Pharm Sci 3:568–579
26. Joo H-S, Chang C-S (2006) Production of an oxidant and SDS-stable alkaline protease from an
alkaophilic Bacillus clausii I-52 by submerged fermentation: feasibility as a laundry detergent
additive. Enzyme Microb Technol 38(1–2):176–183
27. Ahmed I, Zia MA, Iftikhar T, Muhammad H, Iqbal N (2011) Characterization and detergent
compatibility of purified protease produced from Aspergillus niger by utilizing agro wastes.
Bioresources 6:4505–4522
28. Lagzian M, Asoodeh A (2012) An extremely thermotolerant, alkaliphilic subtilisin-like protease
from hyperthermophilic Bacillus sp. MLA64. Int J Biol Macromol 51(5):960–967
29. Anwar A, Saleemuddin M (1997) Alkaline proteases: a review. Bioresour Technol 64:175–183
30. Kiran I, Ilhan S, Caner N, Iscen CF, Yildiz Z (2009) Biosorption properties of dried Neurospora
crassa for the removal of Burazol Blue ED dye. Desalination 249(1):273–278
31. Vojcic L, Pitzler C, Körfer G, Jakob F, Martinez M, Maurer K-H, Schwaneberg U (2015)
Advances in protease engineering for laundry detergents. N Biotechnol 32(6):629–634
32. De Souza FR, Gutterres M (2012) Application of enzymes in leather processing: a comparison
between chemical and coenzymatic processes. Braz J Chem Eng 29(3):473–482
33. Sanchez S, Demain AL (2017) Useful microbial enzymes – an introduction. Biotechnology of
microbial enzymes. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 1–11
34. Golaki BP, Aminzadeh S, Karkhane AA, Yakhchali B, Farrokh P, Khaleghinejad SH, Tehrani
AA, Mehrpooyan S (2015) Cloning, expression, purification, and characterization of lipase
3646 from thermophilic indigenous Cohnella sp. A01. Protein Expr Purif 109:120–126
35. Chinnathambi A (2015) Industrial important enzymes from alkaliphiles – an overview. Biosci
Biotechnol Res Asia 12(3):2007–2016. http://www.biotech-asia.org/?p¼3705
36. Ladenstein R, Antranikian G (1998) Proteins from hyperthermophiles: stability and enzymatic
catalysis close to the boiling point of water. In: Antranikian G (ed) Biotechnology of
extremophiles. Springer, Berlin, pp 37–85
37. Demirjian DC, Morís-Varas F, Cassidy CS (2001) Enzymes from extremophiles. Curr Opin
Chem Biol 5:144–151
38. Soerensen NH, Hoff T, Oestergaard PR, Cassland P (2016) Dehairing of skins and hides. Patent.
EP2585618B1
39. Irshad A, Arun TS (2013) Scalding and its significance in livestock slaughter and wholesome
meat production. Int J Livest Res 3(2):45–53
40. Madhavi J, Srilakshmi J, Rao MVR, Rao KRSS (2011) Efficient leather dehairing by bacterial
thermostable protease. Int J Biosci Biotechnol 3(4):11–27
41. Rose C, Suguna L, Rajini R, Samivelu N, Rathinasamy V, Ramalingam S, Iyappan K,
Parvathaleswara T, Ramasami T (2004) Process for lime and sulfide free unhairing of skins
or hides using animal and/or plant enzymes. Patent. US7198647B2
42. Wanyonyi WC (2015) Isolation and characterization of biomass modifying enzymes for
bioremediation and production of ‘green specialty products’. PhD thesis, University of Nairobi,
Kenya
43. Frendrup W, Buljan J (2000) Hair-save unhairing methods in leather processing. United Nations
Industrial Development Organization report. US/RAS/92/120. http://footwearsinfoline.tripod.
com/hairsave_unhairing.pdf
44. Choudhary RB, Jana AK, Jha MK (2004) Enzyme technology applications in leather
processing. Indian J Chem Technol 11:659–671
45. Hasan F, Shah AA, Hameed A (2006) Industrial applications of microbial lipases. Enzyme
Microb Technol 39(2):235–251
46. Sundar VJ, Gnanamani A, Muralidharan C, Chandrababu NK, Mandal AB (2011) Recovery
and utilization of proteinous wastes of leather making: a review. Rev Environ Sci Bio 10
(2):151–163
Alkaliphilic Enzymes and Their Application in Novel Leather Processing. . .
219
applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 93(4):1351–1375
25. Sawant R, Nagendran S (2014) Protease: an enzyme with multiple industrial applications.
World J Pharm Sci 3:568–579
26. Joo H-S, Chang C-S (2006) Production of an oxidant and SDS-stable alkaline protease from an
alkaophilic Bacillus clausii I-52 by submerged fermentation: feasibility as a laundry detergent
additive. Enzyme Microb Technol 38(1–2):176–183
27. Ahmed I, Zia MA, Iftikhar T, Muhammad H, Iqbal N (2011) Characterization and detergent
compatibility of purified protease produced from Aspergillus niger by utilizing agro wastes.
Bioresources 6:4505–4522
28. Lagzian M, Asoodeh A (2012) An extremely thermotolerant, alkaliphilic subtilisin-like protease
from hyperthermophilic Bacillus sp. MLA64. Int J Biol Macromol 51(5):960–967
29. Anwar A, Saleemuddin M (1997) Alkaline proteases: a review. Bioresour Technol 64:175–183
30. Kiran I, Ilhan S, Caner N, Iscen CF, Yildiz Z (2009) Biosorption properties of dried Neurospora
crassa for the removal of Burazol Blue ED dye. Desalination 249(1):273–278
31. Vojcic L, Pitzler C, Körfer G, Jakob F, Martinez M, Maurer K-H, Schwaneberg U (2015)
Advances in protease engineering for laundry detergents. N Biotechnol 32(6):629–634
32. De Souza FR, Gutterres M (2012) Application of enzymes in leather processing: a comparison
between chemical and coenzymatic processes. Braz J Chem Eng 29(3):473–482
33. Sanchez S, Demain AL (2017) Useful microbial enzymes – an introduction. Biotechnology of
microbial enzymes. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 1–11
34. Golaki BP, Aminzadeh S, Karkhane AA, Yakhchali B, Farrokh P, Khaleghinejad SH, Tehrani
AA, Mehrpooyan S (2015) Cloning, expression, purification, and characterization of lipase
3646 from thermophilic indigenous Cohnella sp. A01. Protein Expr Purif 109:120–126
35. Chinnathambi A (2015) Industrial important enzymes from alkaliphiles – an overview. Biosci
Biotechnol Res Asia 12(3):2007–2016. http://www.biotech-asia.org/?p¼3705
36. Ladenstein R, Antranikian G (1998) Proteins from hyperthermophiles: stability and enzymatic
catalysis close to the boiling point of water. In: Antranikian G (ed) Biotechnology of
extremophiles. Springer, Berlin, pp 37–85
37. Demirjian DC, Morís-Varas F, Cassidy CS (2001) Enzymes from extremophiles. Curr Opin
Chem Biol 5:144–151
38. Soerensen NH, Hoff T, Oestergaard PR, Cassland P (2016) Dehairing of skins and hides. Patent.
EP2585618B1
39. Irshad A, Arun TS (2013) Scalding and its significance in livestock slaughter and wholesome
meat production. Int J Livest Res 3(2):45–53
40. Madhavi J, Srilakshmi J, Rao MVR, Rao KRSS (2011) Efficient leather dehairing by bacterial
thermostable protease. Int J Biosci Biotechnol 3(4):11–27
41. Rose C, Suguna L, Rajini R, Samivelu N, Rathinasamy V, Ramalingam S, Iyappan K,
Parvathaleswara T, Ramasami T (2004) Process for lime and sulfide free unhairing of skins
or hides using animal and/or plant enzymes. Patent. US7198647B2
42. Wanyonyi WC (2015) Isolation and characterization of biomass modifying enzymes for
bioremediation and production of ‘green specialty products’. PhD thesis, University of Nairobi,
Kenya
43. Frendrup W, Buljan J (2000) Hair-save unhairing methods in leather processing. United Nations
Industrial Development Organization report. US/RAS/92/120. http://footwearsinfoline.tripod.
com/hairsave_unhairing.pdf
44. Choudhary RB, Jana AK, Jha MK (2004) Enzyme technology applications in leather
processing. Indian J Chem Technol 11:659–671
45. Hasan F, Shah AA, Hameed A (2006) Industrial applications of microbial lipases. Enzyme
Microb Technol 39(2):235–251
46. Sundar VJ, Gnanamani A, Muralidharan C, Chandrababu NK, Mandal AB (2011) Recovery
and utilization of proteinous wastes of leather making: a review. Rev Environ Sci Bio 10
(2):151–163
Alkaliphilic Enzymes and Their Application in Novel Leather Processing. . .
219