239. Wilkie MP, Wood CM (1995) Recovery from high pH exposure in the rainbow trout: white
muscle ammonia storage, ammonia washout, and the restoration of blood chemistry. Physiol
Zool 68:379–401
240. Wilkie MP, Wood CM (1996) The adaptations of fish to extremely alkaline environments.
Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 113:665–673
241. Yesaki TY, Iwama GK (1992) Survival, acid-base regulation, ion regulation, and ammonia
excretion in rainbow trout in highly alkaline hard water. Physiol Zool 65:763–787
242. Johansen K, Maloiy G, Lykkeboe G (1975) A fish in extreme alkalinity. Respir Physiol
24:159–162
243. Wilkie MP, Wright PA, Iwama GK, Wood CM (1994) The physiological adaptations of the
Lahontan cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi) following transfer from well water
to the highly alkaline waters of Pyramid Lake, Nevada (pH 9.4). Physiol Zool 67:355–380
244. Wood CM, Bergman HL, Bianchini A, Laurent P, Maina J, Johannsson OE et al (2012)
Transepithelial potential in the Magadi tilapia, a fish living in extreme alkalinity. J Comp
Physiol B 182:247–258
245. Wood CM, Bergman HL, Laurent P, John MN, Narahara AB, Walsh PJ (1994) Urea
production, acid-base regulation and their interactions in the Lake Magadi tilapia, a unique
teleost adapted to a highly alkaline environment. J Exp Biol 189:13–36
246. Wood CM, Wilson P, Bergman HL, Bergman AN, Laurent P, Owiti G et al (2002)
Ionoregulatory strategies and the role of urea in the Magadi tilapia (Alcolapia grahami).
Can J Zool 80:503–515
247. Wilkie MP (2002) Ammonia excretion and urea handling by fish gills: present understanding
and future research challenges. J Exp Zool 293:284–301
248. Randall DJ, Tsui TKN (2002) Ammonia toxicity in fish. Mar Pollut Bull 45:17–23
249. Wilkie MP, Pamenter ME, Duquette S, Dhiyebi H, Sangha N, Skelton G et al (2011) The
relationship between NMDA receptor function and the high ammonia tolerance of anoxiatolerant goldfish. J Exp Biol 214:4107–4120
250. Walsh PJ, Smith CP (2001) Urea transport. Fish Physiol 20:279–307
Challenges and Adaptations of Life in Alkaline Habitats
133
muscle ammonia storage, ammonia washout, and the restoration of blood chemistry. Physiol
Zool 68:379–401
240. Wilkie MP, Wood CM (1996) The adaptations of fish to extremely alkaline environments.
Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 113:665–673
241. Yesaki TY, Iwama GK (1992) Survival, acid-base regulation, ion regulation, and ammonia
excretion in rainbow trout in highly alkaline hard water. Physiol Zool 65:763–787
242. Johansen K, Maloiy G, Lykkeboe G (1975) A fish in extreme alkalinity. Respir Physiol
24:159–162
243. Wilkie MP, Wright PA, Iwama GK, Wood CM (1994) The physiological adaptations of the
Lahontan cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi) following transfer from well water
to the highly alkaline waters of Pyramid Lake, Nevada (pH 9.4). Physiol Zool 67:355–380
244. Wood CM, Bergman HL, Bianchini A, Laurent P, Maina J, Johannsson OE et al (2012)
Transepithelial potential in the Magadi tilapia, a fish living in extreme alkalinity. J Comp
Physiol B 182:247–258
245. Wood CM, Bergman HL, Laurent P, John MN, Narahara AB, Walsh PJ (1994) Urea
production, acid-base regulation and their interactions in the Lake Magadi tilapia, a unique
teleost adapted to a highly alkaline environment. J Exp Biol 189:13–36
246. Wood CM, Wilson P, Bergman HL, Bergman AN, Laurent P, Owiti G et al (2002)
Ionoregulatory strategies and the role of urea in the Magadi tilapia (Alcolapia grahami).
Can J Zool 80:503–515
247. Wilkie MP (2002) Ammonia excretion and urea handling by fish gills: present understanding
and future research challenges. J Exp Zool 293:284–301
248. Randall DJ, Tsui TKN (2002) Ammonia toxicity in fish. Mar Pollut Bull 45:17–23
249. Wilkie MP, Pamenter ME, Duquette S, Dhiyebi H, Sangha N, Skelton G et al (2011) The
relationship between NMDA receptor function and the high ammonia tolerance of anoxiatolerant goldfish. J Exp Biol 214:4107–4120
250. Walsh PJ, Smith CP (2001) Urea transport. Fish Physiol 20:279–307
Challenges and Adaptations of Life in Alkaline Habitats
133