Contents
Preface
ix
1 History and Terminology of Crude Oil
1
1.1 Historical Perspectives
3
1.2 Modern Perspectives
14
1.3 Oil Companies
15
1.4 Definitions and Terminology
17
1.4.1 Petroleum
21
1.4.2 Natural Gas
23
1.4.3 Heavy Oil
25
1.4.4 Tar Sand Bitumen
26
1.5 References
28
2 Origin and Occurrence of Oil
31
2.1 The Formation of Oil
35
2.2 Reservoirs
36
2.2.1 Reservoir Structure
36
2.2.2 Accumulation in Reservoirs
38
2.2.3 Distribution of Fluids in the Reservoir
39
2.2.4 Migration of Reservoir Fluids
41
2.2.5 Transformation of Petroleum in the Reservoir
42
2.2.6 Relationship of Petroleum Composition and
Properties
44
2.3 Reservoir Classification
45
2.4 Reservoir Evaluation
49
2.4.1 Depletable and Renewable Resources
49
2.4.2 Development of Resources
50
2.4.3 New Evaluation Technology
51
2.5 Estimation of Reserves in Place
52
2.6 Reserves
55
2.6.1 Conventional Petroleum
56
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