Octane Number: Research and Motor (Details of this Test Are Given
in ASTM Standards, Part 7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681
Appendix 1: Typical Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Specifications
in Europe and the United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 682
Keywords
LPG • Gasolines • Kerosenes • Aviation turbine fuels • Jet fuels • Gas oils •
Fuel oils • Lube oils • Heavy fractions • Test methods • ASTM tests and
specifications
Introduction
This chapter is concerned mostly with the laboratory testing for the control of
petroleum products. It will be concerned with those tests that establish the quality of
refinery streams and in some finished and salable products. What are not covered
are those specialized tests such as mass spectrometry, motor road tests, and the like.
Where possible, sketches of test apparatus are included. Most of these tests are
performed in the refinery laboratory and generally follow the methods provided by
the respective ASTM numbered tests.
The most common tests to check the quality of finished products cover the following:
• Specific gravity
• ASTM distillations
• Pensky–Martens closed-cup flash point
• Kinematic viscosities
• Octane numbers
• Sulfur content tests
• LPG weathering tests
• Reid vapor pressure
• Bromine number
The chapter begins with some details of typical product specifications. More
discussions and descriptions of modern-day trends in product quality (such as the
effect of reformulated gasoline) are given elsewhere in this book.
Specifications for Some Common Finished Products
This chapter is concerned only with those energy products that are common to
everyday living. They include LPGs, gasolines, burning oil (including kerosene),
diesel fuel, jet fuels, and the black oils including fuel oil and marine diesel.
650
D.S.J. Jones
in ASTM Standards, Part 7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681
Appendix 1: Typical Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Specifications
in Europe and the United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 682
Keywords
LPG • Gasolines • Kerosenes • Aviation turbine fuels • Jet fuels • Gas oils •
Fuel oils • Lube oils • Heavy fractions • Test methods • ASTM tests and
specifications
Introduction
This chapter is concerned mostly with the laboratory testing for the control of
petroleum products. It will be concerned with those tests that establish the quality of
refinery streams and in some finished and salable products. What are not covered
are those specialized tests such as mass spectrometry, motor road tests, and the like.
Where possible, sketches of test apparatus are included. Most of these tests are
performed in the refinery laboratory and generally follow the methods provided by
the respective ASTM numbered tests.
The most common tests to check the quality of finished products cover the following:
• Specific gravity
• ASTM distillations
• Pensky–Martens closed-cup flash point
• Kinematic viscosities
• Octane numbers
• Sulfur content tests
• LPG weathering tests
• Reid vapor pressure
• Bromine number
The chapter begins with some details of typical product specifications. More
discussions and descriptions of modern-day trends in product quality (such as the
effect of reformulated gasoline) are given elsewhere in this book.
Specifications for Some Common Finished Products
This chapter is concerned only with those energy products that are common to
everyday living. They include LPGs, gasolines, burning oil (including kerosene),
diesel fuel, jet fuels, and the black oils including fuel oil and marine diesel.
650
D.S.J. Jones