W.L. Pierce, D.F. Ryan, R.P. Souther, T.G. Kaufmann, Innovations in flexicracking, in API Div. of
Refining 37th Midyear Meeting, New York, 10 May 1972
A. Pinho, P.P. Neto, J.G.F. Ramos, J.A.M. Castillero, Double riser FCC: an opportunity for the
petrochemical industry, in NPRA Annual Meeting, Paper AM-06-13
Propylene or diesel fuel? Just change the controls. Chem. Eng. 20 (2008)
J.A. Rabo, Zeolite chemistry and catalysis, in ACS Monograph 171, ed. by J.S. Magee, J.J. Blazek,
Chapter 11, Preparation and Performance of Zeolite Cracking Catalysts (1979)
M.F. Raterman, U.S. Patent 5, 409,872
J. Ross FCC Technology Seminar Technip/Axens, San Francisco, (2013)
R.E. Ritter, J.C. Creighton, D.S. Chin, T.G. Roberie, C.C. Wear, Catalytic octane from the FCC,
Grace Catalagram. No. 74 (1986)
C.Y. Sabottke, Eur. Patent 0444860A1
A.V. Sapre, P.H. Schipper, F.P. Petrocelli, Design methods for FCC feed atomization, in AIChE
Symposium Series, vol 88, pp. 103–109
P.R. Satbhai, J.M.H. Dirkx, R.J. Higgins, P.D.L. Mercera, Best practices in shell FCC units, in
Akzo Nobel Catalyst Seminar, Mumbai, India, Oct 1998
M.W. Schnaith, D.A. Kauff, Resid FCC regenerators: technology options and experience, in
NPRA Annual Meeting, Paper AM-97-13
M.W. Schnaith, A.T. Gilbert, D.A. Lomas, D.N. Myers, Advances in FCC reactor technology, in
NPRA Annual Meeting, Paper AM-95-36
A.G. Shaffer Jr., C.L. Hemler, Seven years of operation prove RCC capability. Oil Gas J. 62–70 (1990)
W. Shi, C. Xie, Y. Huo, X. Zhong, DCC family technology for producing light olefins from heavy
oils. Chin. Petr. Process. Petrochem. Technol. 2, 15–21 (2001)
D. Soni, Next generation stripper design commercialized, in Lummus Paper (2007)
D. Soni et al., Maximize olefins through catalytic cracking Indmax FCC process (2008). www.
digitalrefining.com/article/1000205
A.M. Squires, Circulating Fluidized Bed Technology, in The Study of Fluid Catalytic Cracking:
The First Circulating Fluid Bed
J. Stell, Worldwide catalyst report. Oil Gas J. 56–76 (2001)
Superflex, in KBR Technical Brochure (2013)
M.J. Tallman, C. Eng, Catalytic routes to olefins, in Grace European Technical Conference,
Rome, 4–7 Sept 2007
M.J. Tallman, C.N. Eng, Propylene on purpose. Hydrocarb. Eng. (2010)
M.J. Tallman et al., Advanced Catalytic Olefins (ACO): first commercial demonstration unit
begins operations, in AICHE Spring National Meeting, Chicago, 14–17 Mar 2011, p. 74b
A.K. Rhodes, Number of catalyst formulations stable in a tough market. Oil Gas J. 95, 41–72
(1997)
L.L. Upson, H.V.D. Zwan, Promoted combustion improves FCCU flexibility. Oil Gas J. 85, 65–70
(1987)
I.A. Vasalos, E.R. Strong, C.K.R. Hsieh, G.J. D’Souza, New cracking process controls FCCU
SOX. Oil Gas J. 75, 141–148 (1977)
P.B. Venuto, E.T. Habib Jr., Fluid Catalytic Cracking with Zeolite Catalysts (Marcel Dekker,
Boca Raton, 1979)
P. Walker, R. Peterman, RFCC units set new standard for propylene production. PTQ Q4, 83–92
(2012)
C.C. Wear, R.W. Mott, FCC catalysts can be designed and selected for optimum performance. Oil
Gas J. 71–79 (1988)
J.W. Wilson, Modernizing older FCCU’s, in NPRA Annual Meeting, Paper AM-00-09
J.W. Wilson, First Stone and Webster/ IFP Licensors’ Forum (Osaka Revamp) (1994)
J.W. Wilson, Fluid Catalytic Cracking Technology and Operation (Pennwell, Tulsa, 1997)
E.G. Wollaston, W.J. Haflin, W.D. Ford, G.J. D’Souza, FCC model valuable operating tool. Oil
Gas J. 87, 87–94 (1975). 9/22/75
Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) in Petroleum Refining
315
Refining 37th Midyear Meeting, New York, 10 May 1972
A. Pinho, P.P. Neto, J.G.F. Ramos, J.A.M. Castillero, Double riser FCC: an opportunity for the
petrochemical industry, in NPRA Annual Meeting, Paper AM-06-13
Propylene or diesel fuel? Just change the controls. Chem. Eng. 20 (2008)
J.A. Rabo, Zeolite chemistry and catalysis, in ACS Monograph 171, ed. by J.S. Magee, J.J. Blazek,
Chapter 11, Preparation and Performance of Zeolite Cracking Catalysts (1979)
M.F. Raterman, U.S. Patent 5, 409,872
J. Ross FCC Technology Seminar Technip/Axens, San Francisco, (2013)
R.E. Ritter, J.C. Creighton, D.S. Chin, T.G. Roberie, C.C. Wear, Catalytic octane from the FCC,
Grace Catalagram. No. 74 (1986)
C.Y. Sabottke, Eur. Patent 0444860A1
A.V. Sapre, P.H. Schipper, F.P. Petrocelli, Design methods for FCC feed atomization, in AIChE
Symposium Series, vol 88, pp. 103–109
P.R. Satbhai, J.M.H. Dirkx, R.J. Higgins, P.D.L. Mercera, Best practices in shell FCC units, in
Akzo Nobel Catalyst Seminar, Mumbai, India, Oct 1998
M.W. Schnaith, D.A. Kauff, Resid FCC regenerators: technology options and experience, in
NPRA Annual Meeting, Paper AM-97-13
M.W. Schnaith, A.T. Gilbert, D.A. Lomas, D.N. Myers, Advances in FCC reactor technology, in
NPRA Annual Meeting, Paper AM-95-36
A.G. Shaffer Jr., C.L. Hemler, Seven years of operation prove RCC capability. Oil Gas J. 62–70 (1990)
W. Shi, C. Xie, Y. Huo, X. Zhong, DCC family technology for producing light olefins from heavy
oils. Chin. Petr. Process. Petrochem. Technol. 2, 15–21 (2001)
D. Soni, Next generation stripper design commercialized, in Lummus Paper (2007)
D. Soni et al., Maximize olefins through catalytic cracking Indmax FCC process (2008). www.
digitalrefining.com/article/1000205
A.M. Squires, Circulating Fluidized Bed Technology, in The Study of Fluid Catalytic Cracking:
The First Circulating Fluid Bed
J. Stell, Worldwide catalyst report. Oil Gas J. 56–76 (2001)
Superflex, in KBR Technical Brochure (2013)
M.J. Tallman, C. Eng, Catalytic routes to olefins, in Grace European Technical Conference,
Rome, 4–7 Sept 2007
M.J. Tallman, C.N. Eng, Propylene on purpose. Hydrocarb. Eng. (2010)
M.J. Tallman et al., Advanced Catalytic Olefins (ACO): first commercial demonstration unit
begins operations, in AICHE Spring National Meeting, Chicago, 14–17 Mar 2011, p. 74b
A.K. Rhodes, Number of catalyst formulations stable in a tough market. Oil Gas J. 95, 41–72
(1997)
L.L. Upson, H.V.D. Zwan, Promoted combustion improves FCCU flexibility. Oil Gas J. 85, 65–70
(1987)
I.A. Vasalos, E.R. Strong, C.K.R. Hsieh, G.J. D’Souza, New cracking process controls FCCU
SOX. Oil Gas J. 75, 141–148 (1977)
P.B. Venuto, E.T. Habib Jr., Fluid Catalytic Cracking with Zeolite Catalysts (Marcel Dekker,
Boca Raton, 1979)
P. Walker, R. Peterman, RFCC units set new standard for propylene production. PTQ Q4, 83–92
(2012)
C.C. Wear, R.W. Mott, FCC catalysts can be designed and selected for optimum performance. Oil
Gas J. 71–79 (1988)
J.W. Wilson, Modernizing older FCCU’s, in NPRA Annual Meeting, Paper AM-00-09
J.W. Wilson, First Stone and Webster/ IFP Licensors’ Forum (Osaka Revamp) (1994)
J.W. Wilson, Fluid Catalytic Cracking Technology and Operation (Pennwell, Tulsa, 1997)
E.G. Wollaston, W.J. Haflin, W.D. Ford, G.J. D’Souza, FCC model valuable operating tool. Oil
Gas J. 87, 87–94 (1975). 9/22/75
Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) in Petroleum Refining
315