C, Ci = carbon on catalyst and initial carbon on catalyst (wt%)
CO = carbon monoxide
DO = decant oil
E = activation energy for thermal cracking
e = natural exponent
K = rate constant
K D = deactivation constant
LCO = light cycle oil
L m O 2 = log mean oxygen concentration
LPG = liquefied petroleum gas
P B , P T = pressure at bottom and top of standpipe (psi)
ΔP = pressure difference
Q = aeration requirements for standpipe (scfm)
R = gas constant
S = daily fractional catalyst addition rate (ton/ton)
T = temperature
t = time (seconds)
ρ mf , ρ t = catalyst densities at minimum fluidization and top of standpipe (lb/ft
3 )
ρ p = skeletal density of catalyst (lb/ft
3 )
Regenerator
Catalyst -
Product
Separator
Stripper with
structured
packing
Catalyst
Upflow
Feed injection
Catalyst
Downflow
Downflow
Reactor
HS-FCC Process
R2P
Fig. 32 HS-FCC (Nippon/Aramco) and R2P (Technip-Stone & Webster/Axens) processes
306
W. Letzsch