382
Index
Physical boundaries (continued)

from integration perspective, 40

spontaneous events, 79

synthesis and, 228

Physical objects, 1–2, 12, 31, 125–126

Plan-driven strategy, 300–301, 303

Power, 169, 365–366

model-based systems
integration, 171

most effective integration
strategy, 172–174

structures, 207, 208

Prediction, 366

Price, 366

Principles, 9–10, 366

of alignment, 11–12

of forethought, 19–21

of induction, 14–15

of limitation, 15–19

of loss, 23–24

of partitioning, 13–14

of planning, 21–23

of Taguchi quality, 339–340

Problem, 366

characteristics, 252–253

defining, 247, 248, 254–255

domain, 255

hierarchical problems, 249–250

like-kind problems, 250–251

nature, 253–254

nested problems, 248–249

scope of, 253

stakeholder’s perspective of, 256–258

statement development, 264

systems engineer’s perspective
of, 255–256

Problem domain analysis, 251

discussion with stakeholder, 251–252

integration, 258

problem characteristics, 252–253

problem domain, 255

problem nature, 253–254

scope of problem, 253

stakeholder’s perspective
of problem, 256–258

systems engineer’s perspective
of problem, 255–256

verification, 258

work in systems engineering, 251

Procedural domain, 91

Procedure, 366

Process, 133, 139, 178, 366

abstraction, 136

and action, 48, 134, 174, 353

basic unit of, 134

centric business model, 142

comparability, 135

creating value, 137

decomposition, 90–91

differentiation, 133

frame, 72–72, 366

integration aim, 135, 136

in integration perspective, 135

as intellectual property, 138–139

interpersonal relations, 137

management, 138

measurement, 134

“to manage”, 204–206, 325–334

Process models, 114–115, 220, 266–269,
366–367

scalability checklist, 268–269

scalable process models, 267–268

Process-centric business model, 142

Product of labor, 62

Product upgradation

combining loss distributions, 337

costs reductions, 335

losses to buyers, 338

minimum loss, 338

pareto-efficiency, 335, 336

quality loss distribution, 336

quality loss function, 335, 338

Products, 62–63

Project, 142, 143, 283, 306

Project management, 290–291

process, 138

role, 137

skills acquisition, 320

systems engineering view, 291

technology development, 291

Property, 34n, 53, 56, 367

Proportionality constants, 300

Protagoras, 132

ProtaSystem. See Prototypical
system (ProtaSystem)

Prototype-based ontology,
logic, and mereology,
144–145