Systems
205
framework of conditional causality, the processes that will result in changes
to physical entities (perhaps beginning with new procedures to deal with the
problems identified with patient billing), the additions of metafunctions that
serve some of the needs of all parties within the system of systems, and the
desired behaviors of the stakeholders involved in all causal effects that deal
with or are a consequence of interaction with the system of systems, will be
defined and agreed to before beginning the planning for integration. For
planning purposes, the sharing of management functions is deemed to be
the best means to manage the functions of the system of systems. There are
many means and options to enact and manage the system of systems functionalities, including, by tacit agreement, through procedures, and with various types of physical entities (e.g., computers and software). The management
functions of ‘to plan,’ ‘to organize,’ ‘to direct,’ ‘to control,’ ‘to communicate,’
and ‘to provide teamness’ are laid out for Hospital, Ltd. and Doctors, Ltd.
Table 4.2 illustrates a few of the considerations for objects, events, and EMMI
that exemplify the partitioning of power.
Table 4.2 illustrates the comparison for objects, events, and EMMI for
Doctors, Ltd. (DL) in a systemic relationship with Hospital, Ltd., illustrating the reciprocal relations between objects based on a sharing of power.
The architecture that supports and enables the interactions is one comprised of people who perform the management functions at all three levels
TABLe 4.2
Objects, Events, EMMI Mapped to “To Manage” Processes
To Manage
Processes
Doctors, Ltd. (DL)
Objects Events
EMMI
Hospital, Ltd. (HL)
Objects
Events
EMMI
Plan work
DL
doctors
Request
facilities
Information Administrative
staff
Reserve
facilities
Information
Organize
work
DL
doctors
Take
adjunct
positions
Material
wealth and
matter
Patients
Schedule
HL
patients
with DL
Information
Direct work DL
doctors
Schedule
DL and
HL
Information Administrative
staff
Request
scheduling
HL
Information
patients
with DL
patients
with DL
doctors
doctors
Control work DL
doctors
Comply
with HL
rules
Information Administrative
staff
Promulgate
policy and
rules
Information
Communicate DL
doctors
Convey
status
Energy and
information
Administrative
staff
Convey
status
Energy and
information
Foster
DL
Show
Matter and
HL staff
Show
Matter and
teamness
doctors reason
information
reason
information
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