194
Engineering Systems Integration
There are several aspects of the pendulum that are germane, including the
function of friction that occurs at the connection of the string to the brass
ring; the maximum storage of energy in the string-mass object at the highest
point in its swing; the vector force of gravity (presumed to be radially toward
the Earth’s center); the frictional force of air molecules on the moving mass
(from the perspective of the moving mass); and the initial input of EMMI that
displaces the pendulum and starts the pendulum’s oscillations.
The initial position of the mass m is either displaced from the vertical that
is established along the line between the pivot and the center of Earth’s mass
or along that centerline to the Earth’s center of mass. In either case, energy
will be expended. If the mass is not displaced from the centerline, then additional displacement would be required to raise the mass along the circumference of a circle with radius of length of string, l. If displaced, the mass wall
“fall” and be put into motion along the arc of the circle that is scribed by the
string from the pivot point at the location of the brass ring.
The motion of mass will continue along the arc (precessing due to the
Earth’s motion beneath the swinging mass, as permitted by the manner in
which the string was tied to the pivot point). The interaction between the
pivot material and the string’s material is expected to create friction with the
resultant loss of energy of the string-mass object due to its rubbing. There
may also be additional losses due to the string and mass colliding with
atmospheric molecules, or perhaps eddies and currents of low and high densities of air molecules (referred to as turbules). All effects of friction impart
losses to the string-mass object. The net result of these effects will be to
dampen the swinging motion of the mass, resulting in a decay in the height
that the mass will return to on each swing. Over time, this dampening
motion will result in the mass being returned to its nondisplacement position along the line drawn from the pivot point on the beam to the Earth’s
center of mass. Missing from the objects needed for sustainment is a source
of EMMI needed to overcome the losses, that is, there is no restoring force to
make up for the losses that are expected from the pendulum experiment. An
object will provide the initial EMMI to begin the oscillatory motion of the
mass relative to vector representing the centerline of gravity. It is expected
that the simple pendulum will become an object that will swing for multiple
minutes before losing sufficient energy so as no longer reach one-third of the
height displacement of the first swing position of the mass. The string places
a constraint on the mass and the mass constrains the string. The mass is
restricted to the swing and will not move lower than the length of the string
and the string is pulled taut, acting more like a rod than a limp twine. The
performance of the string-mass object can be stated as maximum displacement of mass, m, or the height of mass m above some measurable distance
from the floor or from the beam. Identifying a standard of measurement will
provide a consistent error in distance regardless of the location of the stringmass object during it oscillations. A measure of effectiveness might be the
number of oscillations per unit time or the rate of change in the height of
Engineering Systems Integration
There are several aspects of the pendulum that are germane, including the
function of friction that occurs at the connection of the string to the brass
ring; the maximum storage of energy in the string-mass object at the highest
point in its swing; the vector force of gravity (presumed to be radially toward
the Earth’s center); the frictional force of air molecules on the moving mass
(from the perspective of the moving mass); and the initial input of EMMI that
displaces the pendulum and starts the pendulum’s oscillations.
The initial position of the mass m is either displaced from the vertical that
is established along the line between the pivot and the center of Earth’s mass
or along that centerline to the Earth’s center of mass. In either case, energy
will be expended. If the mass is not displaced from the centerline, then additional displacement would be required to raise the mass along the circumference of a circle with radius of length of string, l. If displaced, the mass wall
“fall” and be put into motion along the arc of the circle that is scribed by the
string from the pivot point at the location of the brass ring.
The motion of mass will continue along the arc (precessing due to the
Earth’s motion beneath the swinging mass, as permitted by the manner in
which the string was tied to the pivot point). The interaction between the
pivot material and the string’s material is expected to create friction with the
resultant loss of energy of the string-mass object due to its rubbing. There
may also be additional losses due to the string and mass colliding with
atmospheric molecules, or perhaps eddies and currents of low and high densities of air molecules (referred to as turbules). All effects of friction impart
losses to the string-mass object. The net result of these effects will be to
dampen the swinging motion of the mass, resulting in a decay in the height
that the mass will return to on each swing. Over time, this dampening
motion will result in the mass being returned to its nondisplacement position along the line drawn from the pivot point on the beam to the Earth’s
center of mass. Missing from the objects needed for sustainment is a source
of EMMI needed to overcome the losses, that is, there is no restoring force to
make up for the losses that are expected from the pendulum experiment. An
object will provide the initial EMMI to begin the oscillatory motion of the
mass relative to vector representing the centerline of gravity. It is expected
that the simple pendulum will become an object that will swing for multiple
minutes before losing sufficient energy so as no longer reach one-third of the
height displacement of the first swing position of the mass. The string places
a constraint on the mass and the mass constrains the string. The mass is
restricted to the swing and will not move lower than the length of the string
and the string is pulled taut, acting more like a rod than a limp twine. The
performance of the string-mass object can be stated as maximum displacement of mass, m, or the height of mass m above some measurable distance
from the floor or from the beam. Identifying a standard of measurement will
provide a consistent error in distance regardless of the location of the stringmass object during it oscillations. A measure of effectiveness might be the
number of oscillations per unit time or the rate of change in the height of